BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF) and high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technologies are used for noninvasive body shaping as standalone modalities. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of novel synchronized RF and HIFEM on subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven large white pigs aged 6 months received 3 abdominal treatments of simultaneous application of synchronized RF and HIFEM (30 minutes, once per week). Punch biopsies of treated and control subcutaneous tissue were collected at the baseline, 4 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Adipocyte volume was analyzed. Fat tissue temperature was measured in situ (fiber optic probes) and superficially (thermal imager). RESULTS: Fat layer was heated to temperatures of 42 to 45°C. Signs of fat apoptosis (shape alternations and pyknotic nuclei) appeared at day 4 and peaked between 2 weeks and 1 month. Adipocyte volume decreased significantly (p < .001) by 31.1% at 2 weeks, 1 month (-23.6%), and 2 months (-22.0%). Control samples showed healthy adipocytes. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs corroborated histology findings, showing flattened, volume-depleted and disrupted adipocytes. CONCLUSION: Synchronized RF with HIFEM procedure resulted in a significant and sustained fat reduction with no adverse events.
- MeSH
- body contouring škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- magnetoterapie škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- podkožní tuk cytologie účinky záření ultrastruktura MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- radiofrekvenční terapie škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- tukové buňky účinky záření ultrastruktura MeSH
- vysoká teplota škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Free or liposome-encapsulated sodium humate was administered to chickens intracardially, orally or subcutaneously and the following principal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the MW Pharm software for two-compartment models: elimination half-life (t1/2 el), steady state distribution volume (Vdss), blood clearance (Cl), maximal drug concentration (Cmax), time required for appearance of Cmax (tmax), area under the curve (AUC) and bioavailability (F). Blood clearance of liposome-encapsulated sodium humate was higher than that of free sodium humate regardless of the way of administration. On the other hand, the elimination half-life was longer after the extravascular than after the intracardial administration. Cmax values indicate that the penetration of sodium humate from the injection site into blood circulation is very slow. Biological availability of sodium humate also depended on the way of administration and dosage form. Aside from the intracardial administration, the highest bioavailability was found after subcutaneous administration of free sodium humate.
- MeSH
- huminové látky farmakokinetika MeSH
- kur domácí metabolismus MeSH
- liposomy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- huminové látky MeSH
- liposomy MeSH
DNA fingerprinting was tested as a method for detailed differentiation of 23 strains of the causal agent of porcine pleuropneumonia--Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The set consisted of twelve reference strains, each representing one serotype, and eleven field strains belonging to serotype 9 which occurs most frequently in the Czech Republic. Nine of the reference strains could be differentiated from each other and from serotypes 1, 9 and 11, but a very close relatedness was demonstrated among the latter three by repeated examination. Four DNA types were identified among the twelve serotype 9 strains. The findings are discussed within the context of the production and efficiency of industrial and autogenous vaccines.
- MeSH
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae klasifikace genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting * MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of gentamycin (Ge), neomycin (Neo), rifampicin (Rif), ampicillin (Amp), lincomycin (Lin), erythromycin (Ery), and streptomycin (STM) were determined by the agar dilution technique using 46, 130, 131, 125, 140, 139 and 142 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The strains, selected from the collection of the authors' laboratory, were isolated from mammary gland secretions of cows affected with clinical or subclinical mastitis. The following ranges of MIC (micrograms/ml) were assessed for the antibiotics under study: Ge 0.125-0.50, Neo 0.06-0.50, Rif 0.0039-0.030, Amp 0.015-1.00, Lin 0.25-1.00, Ery 0.06-0.25, STM 0.50-64.0. Modal MIC (micrograms/ml) were as follows; Ery 0.125 (86%), Lin 0.5 (71.4%), Rif 0.007 (68.7%), Ge 0.25 (56.5%), STM 1.00 (54.2%), Neo 0.25 (53.8%), Amp 0.06 (41.6%). The order of efficiency expressed in MIC 90 (micrograms/ml) was as follows: Rif (0.015), Ery (0.125), Ge (0.25), Neo (0.25), Amp (0.5), STM (4.0).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
On a set of 198 bacterial strains out of 19 different species we have tested the ability of oligonucleotide (GTG)5 to provide definitive DNA fingerprints. All the tested bacteria gave rise to at least one band after digestion with Hinf I and hybridization with radioabelled oligonucleotide (GTG)5. The number of resulting bands varied considerably from species to species and correlated strongly with the GC content of individual bacterial species. A set of 13 well defined laboratory strains of Escherichia coli was divided into 3 groups after GTG fingerprinting, while standard ribotyping revealed no differences. GTG fingerprinting is simple and reliable method for typing bacteria and may be of particular value in those bacterial species, where no other typing systems are available.
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting * MeSH
- oligonukleotidové sondy * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oligonukleotidové sondy * MeSH
Growth of selected strains of S. enteritidis in the white, yolk and liquid whole egg content at 37, 21 and 8 degrees C and their survival in mayonnaise and sauce Tartare at 37 and 21 degrees C were investigated. Cell counts of strain No. 2553 rose by 6-7 logs and 5-6 logs during 24 hours of incubation in the yolk at 37 degrees C and in liquid whole egg content at 21 degrees C, respectively. The propagation was inhibited in the white at 37 or 8 degrees C, but the cell count rose by 1.2-1.3 logs after 24 hours of incubation at 21 degrees C. Four tested strains survived 4 and 2 hours of incubation at 37 or 21 degrees C in mayonnaise (pH 3.9) and sauce Tartare (pH 4.3), respectively. In samples of mayonnaise with pH adjusted to 5.4, the cell counts rose by 0.6 log after 2 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, but, compared with the initial inoculum size, decreased by 0.1 and 0.4 logs after 6 and 24 hours of incubation, respectively. The propagation of all the strains under study was strongly inhibited in peptone water containing 0.4 percent of acetic acid.
- MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis růst a vývoj MeSH
- vejce mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This paper describes the use of the oligonucleotide probe (GTG)5 to reveal high polymorphic DNA regions in falcons (Falco peregrinus, F. rusticolus, F. cherrug and their interspecies hybrids). Ten microliters of the blood samples were immobilized, lysed and digested in low-melting point agarose. Oligonucleotide probe (GTG)5 gave rise to the great number of different fragments. Some of them were genus specific, another female specific and approx. 5-10% of the fragments were individual specific. Restriction endonucleases with 4 bp recognition sequences were preferred (Hinf I, Hae III and Msp I). After the use of such enzymes the DNA fingerprints were individual specific and allowed us to confirm known relations among individual birds. The results indicate, that DNA fingerprinting with oligonucleotide (GTG)5 as a probe could be a powerful method for differentiating among closely related falcon birds.
- MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting veterinární MeSH
- ptáci genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Biochemical characteristics of 432 strains of S. aureus with special regard to those relevant to identification and estimation of enterotoxigenicity were examined. The STAPHYtest identified reliably 100, 100, 99 and 94% of strains isolated from milking machines, human carriers and bulk milk and quarter milk samples, respectively. Enterotoxins were produced by 9 strains from human carriers and only by 2, 1 and 1 strains isolated from bulk milk, milking machine and a quarter milk sample, respectively. 7, 4, 1 and 1 strains produced enterotoxins C, A, B and A + B, respectively. Enterotoxigenicity correlated well with the following characteristics: pigment production, presence of the clumping factor, coagulation of rabbit plasma, haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes, positivity in the STAPHYtest, fermentation of mannitol, strong haemolysis of bovine blood and strong thermonuclease activity. A simple three-step scheme for the examination of S. aureus isolates has been devised.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mlékárenství * MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Samples of mammary gland secretions were collected during the first 10 post partum days from six 1st lactations and six 2nd lactation Holstein-Friesian cows. Mean (+/- SD) somatic cell counts in quarter foremilk samples were 447 (+/- 241). 10(3)/ml and 620 (+/- 246). 10(3)/ml in the 1st and 2nd lactation cows, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). The corresponding values for bucket milk samples were 355 (+/- 320). 10(3)/ml and 517 (+/- 242) 10(3)/ml, respectively. The difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). Mean foremilk somatic cell counts were significantly higher than mean bucket milk counts in both the 1st and the 2nd lactation cows (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). A negative correlation between somatic cell counts in both foremilk and bucket milk samples and milk yield was evident in both groups of cows. Somatic cell counts decreased rapidly in bucket milk samples and were lower than 261.10(3)/ml and 192.10(3)/ml in the 1st and the 2nd lactation cows, respectively, on post partum day 10. Values higher than 300.10(3) cells/ml were not found in any of bucket milk samples collected on post partum day 5. Higher counts were found only in foremilk quarter samples collected from 2 glands of 1st lactation and 1 gland of a 2nd lactation cow. None of the mammary glands of any of the cows became infected during the investigation period. Somatic cell counts in non-infected 1st and 2nd lactation cows are apparently time-dependent and cannot be regarded as characteristic features of individual animals.
- MeSH
- kolostrum cytologie MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- mléko cytologie MeSH
- počet buněk veterinární MeSH
- poporodní období * MeSH
- skot * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot * MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Infections with Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium are frequent causes of food-borne diseases in man and are responsible for considerable economic losses in the poultry industry (Fantasia et al., 1991; Pohl et al., 1991). Methods for the more careful differentiation and typing of these two serotypes are necessary for the investigation of the spread and transmission of the infection. Conventional methods of Salmonella differentiation (bioassays, phage-typing, resistance to antibiotics) often lack the necessary resolution potential (Wray et al., 1987). Plasmid profile analysis and restriction analysis of chromosomal DNA, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) have been used for the differentiation of Salmonellae (Wray et al., 1987; Nastasi et al., 1988; Franklin et al., 1990; Helmuth von et al., 1990; Martinetti and Altwegg, 1990). Rapid and unsophisticated analysis of the content of plasmid DNA tends to be preferred. However, some strains lack plasmids or may lose them during laboratory passages (Nastasi et al., 1988; Hartstein et al., 1991). On the other hand, restriction analysis of chromosomal DNA yields more constant and reliable information on bacterial strains (Tveten et al., 1991). The aim of this study was to compare 18 field strains of S. enteritis and 12 strains of S. typhimurium on the basis of plasmid profile analysis and restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA. Plasmid DNA content was determined and chromosomal DNA, isolated from bacterial cells immobilized in low-melting agarose, was digested with restriction endonuclease Pst I in 18 and 12 field strains of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. The resulting fragments were separated by pulse-field electrophoresis in agarose gel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
