Diagnostic significance of some clinico-biochemical parameters was investigated in 221 fattened bulls. An evaluation of the results has shown that the determination of concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma was not of essential importance for diagnostics. The values of these parameters were within the reference range (Tab. I). The parameters determined by chemical analyses of bioptates from the tuber coxae of the fattened bulls with various forms of alimentary osteopathy showed characteristics, statistically significant differences in comparison with the control animals (Tabs. II, III, IV). In the bulls of group B/1 (clinically healthy, phosphorus deficit in the feed ration, acidogenic nutrition in part of the animals, lowered performance, occurrence of clinical cases of osteopathy in fattening facilities), a significant decrease in the values of ash per 1 g fat-free dry matter and per 1 cm3 spongy substance of the t. coxae and a significantly wider index Ca/P were determined. In the bulls of group B/2 (clinically healthy, deficit of phosphorus, calcium, proteins and energy in the feed ration, decreased performance, occurrence of clinical osteopathy), a significant decrease of ash per 1 g fat-free dry matter and per 1 cm3 of spongy substance of the t. coxae was determined, the Ca/P index was significantly narrower. In the bulls of group C/1 (bulls with clinical symptoms of skeleton disorder, phosphorus deficit in the feed ration, acidogenic nutrition in part of the animals), a significant decrease of ash per 1 g far-free dry matter and per 1 cm3 spongy substance of the t. coxae was found out, the Ca/P index was wider.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- metabolické nemoci kostí diagnóza etiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza MeSH
- poruchy výživy komplikace veterinární MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The effect of induction of parturitions in the 1-2 weeks of pregnancy was tested as exerted on the health of calves and on some biochemical and hematological indicators. The observations concerned 26 cows, out of which 14 cows (experimental group) were applied intramuscularly 500 micrograms of synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2 of alpha- cloprostenol. The other 12 cows were a control group. These indicators were determined in the blood of calves before colostrum intake, in 24 h, 5 and 15 days from the intake of the first colostrum ration: acid-base balance, hematocrit and leucocyte counts, in the blood plasma it was concentrations of glucose, urea, Na, K, Ca, inorganic P, vitamin A and E levels and AST and GMT activities. The same range of examinations was performed in the blood and/or in the blood plasma of cows, in addition to urea screening. Blood and urea samples were taken a month before and a month after parturition. No deviations from the normal state were found by the examination of highly-pregnant cows. Afterbirth retention was found in 87% cows of the experimental group after parturition, while it was only 9.8% in the control group. All the calves in the experiment had good vitality, very good health in the course of 15-day observation. There were not any significant differences in the birth weight and weight gains of the calves of experimental and control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- indukovaný porod veterinární MeSH
- novorozená zvířata krev MeSH
- skot krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Random postmortal isolation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from the sheep used in a research project and the consequently determined serological positivity of these animals indicated the serological examination of the flock from which the sheep came. No symptoms of caseous lymphadenitis were ever observed in the flock in question and no data on the occurrence of this disease were available in the flock history. The sera of 228 head of sheep were used for examinations, while this number of sheep represented half the flock head. Agar-gel immunodiffusion (AID) and neutralization of the toxin C. pseudotuberculosis (NTX) were applied as serological assays. The antigen in both tests was an isolated form of toxin i.e. phospholipase D (PLD). To determine the effect of PLD, the intensity of its synergic hemolytic effect with the equi factor Rhodococcus equi was found out and it was expressed in activity units (AU). Undiluted serum with PLD containing 5,000 AU/ml was examined in AID. Positive precipitation was observed in 79 examined sera, out of which 71 were also positive in NTX. NTX demonstrated the inhibition of synergic hemolytic activity of PLD with the equi factor, which was used to sensibilize sheep erythrocytes in agar medium. PLD with the terminal content of 10 AU/ml was used, as well as twofold dilution series of sera. The first evaluated dilution series was 1:10. In this dilution series, the highest number of sera, 22, had the positive reaction. The highest positivity at a dilution series 1:5,120 was found out in one serum. A total of 71 sera had positive reactions in NTX and those sera were also positive in AID. The determined 34.7% positivity substantiated the importance of serodiagnosis for the intravital diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis of sheep, particularly of its chronic form. AID and NTX are usable tests for serodiagnosis of this disease.
- MeSH
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis * MeSH
- imunodifuze MeSH
- korynebakteriální infekce diagnóza veterinární MeSH
- lymfadenitida diagnóza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ovcí diagnóza MeSH
- neutralizační testy MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ketamine and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia was performed in the domestic fowl of the laying hybrid Hisex Brown and in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) to test short-time anesthesia for the purposes of small surgical interventions. The findings of the authors Heidenreich and Wissdorf (1978) obtained in birds in the Zoo Park in Hannover were used to determine anesthetic doses and to assess the course of anesthesia, as well as a comparative study written by Samour et al. (1984) dealing with the use of some anesthetics in birds in the Zoo parks of Great Britain. The used anesthetics were ketamine in specialty Narkamon 5% (Léciva, a.s.) or a ketamine-xylazine mixture in specialty Rometar 2% (Léciva, a. s.). Both anesthetics were injected i.m. to breast muscle. Ataxia was observed after administration of ketamine only at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg, the hens sat down and laid down on the side with stiff outstretched legs, they clapped the wings and tossed about in the cage. Immobilization was observed in Japanese quail, with sporadic incidence of excitations after administration of ketamine alone at a dose of 20 mg/kg live weight. A mixture of ketamine at a dose of 20 mg/kg live weight and xylazine at a dose of 2-3 mg/kg live weight seems to be the best for the purposes of short-time anesthesia when good sedative, analgetic and myorelaxation effects are to be achieved in the domestic fowl and Japanese quail.
- MeSH
- anestezie veterinární MeSH
- Coturnix * MeSH
- ketamin MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- xylazin MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- ketamin MeSH
- xylazin MeSH
The occurrence of avian mycobacteriosis in the rook (C. frugilegus) was investigated in the years 1966-1985. A total of 188 birds captured at three localities of the Czech Republic were subjected to patho-morphological examination and to culture examination. Patho-anatomic lesions were observed in five rooks (2.6%), M. avium was isolated from 10 rooks (5.3%). Positive findings occurred in each examined locality. Rook sensitivity to M. avium infection was tested by experimental infections. After intramuscular infection with M. avium suspension macroscopic tuberculosis lesions were found out at the place of puncture, histological lesions in liver and spleen at the beginning of the trial (days 12-35). Mycobacteria were isolated from particular organs and tissues, more frequently at the beginning of the trial. Peroral infection by feed contaminated with liver of tuberculous fowl failed to induce tuberculous lesions, while a proof of M. avium from the organs was the only one after 157 days. The contact of the rook with the tuberculous fowl did not lead to the origin of tuberculous lesions after 238 days nor were the mycobacteria proved in the rook tissues. In comparison with e.g. the house sparrow, tree sparrow and pheasant, the rook is very resistant to M. avium infection according to the results of experimental infections. A relatively frequent occurrence of tuberculous processes or of mycobacteria in the rook captured in the open area is probably conditioned by a possibility of repeated, frequent contacts of the rook with the contaminated environment during its longer life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza epidemiologie MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
The trial involved broilers from the 4th to the 56th day of life. The first group P1 (n = 30) received commercial mashes with supplements of 0.5% biomass of freshwater algae (Chlorella vulgaris). The second group P2 (n = 30) received 0.9% dried cow's colostrum and 0.9% dried brewer's yeasts in addition to the algae (0.2%). All the ingredients came from fluid-bed drying at temperatures maximally 50 degrees C. Control group K (n = 30) consisted of broilers which received commercial mashes only. At the age of 21, 33 and 56 days, 10 birds of each group were killed, and basic hematological values were determined in the blood samples and phagocytic activity of leucocytes was determined. Samples of the thyme, bursa Fabricii, spleen, ileocecal valve, Meckel's diverticulum, gonads, suprarenal glands and Harder's gland were subjected to histological examination. 22-day chickens of all three groups were vaccinated with Newcastle disease (the vaccine Avipest, Mevak Nitra) and the levels of specific antibodies in blood serum were determined on days 33, 46 and 56. 0.5% alga supplement to feed ration increased the live weight of experimental broilers at the end of the second week of life only (p < 0.05). On the 21st and 33rd day of life, phagocytic activity of leucocytes increased significantly (p < 0.01) in these individuals, while in the second month of life development of the intestinal lymphatic tissue and Harder's gland was largely stimulated. Combination of algae with other biological additives did not significantly influence the live weight of broilers, but it enhanced the above-mentioned effect on the phagocytic activity and lymphatic tissue development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- fagocytóza MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
- kur domácí imunologie MeSH
- tvorba protilátek MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
In a four-row cowshed adapted for rabbit housing, air temperatures and humidity were recorded ambulantly and instrumentally, air flow rate, cooling variable, gas content in the air, microbial contamination of air and dust deposition were determined ambulantly in the years 1991-1992 and in January to April 1993. The values of ambulant measurings show that at the outside temperature -0.5 degrees C to -5.0 degrees C the microclimate quality decreases particularly with respect to the drop of air temperature in the cowshed below 10.0 degrees C, to the increase in cooling variable up to the value 53.17 mW/cm2 and to the increase in NH3 and CO2 content to 50 ppm and/or 0.45 vol.% in absolute maximum values. In these circumstances, the average determined values of both gases are higher than the standard prescription. At outside temperatures above 27.0 degrees C the average relative air humidity in the cowshed made 69.20% for the average temperature of 25.0 degrees C. To avoid the water vapor tension exceeding the limit in the cowshed air above the value 14.1 mm Hg, when sultry atmosphere sets in, the average relative air humidity should be maximally 59.0%. Hence the cowshed was found to be insufficiently ventilated at high outside temperatures above 27.0 degrees C, and it is recommended to increase the ventilator performance and at the same time to reduce water evaporation from catchpit surfaces when urine output of rabbits is excessive as a result of the increased water intake. Temperature and air humidity readings confirmed the need of heating source installation when the outside temperatures drop below 0.0 degrees C. Evaluation of air microbial contamination showed high counts of molds and particularly of micrococci in comparison with the ambience of a cage facility for piglet raising at a repopulation station with strict hygienic regime. Microbial picture of dust deposition was positively influenced by longitudinal aerosol disinfection of the air in the cowshed.
- MeSH
- bydlení zvířat * MeSH
- chov zvířat * MeSH
- králíci * MeSH
- mikrobiologie vzduchu MeSH
- mikroklima MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- vlhkost MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
A total of 42 sexual organs of bulls were used to study the relationship between the level of testosterone and the effect of histopathological changes. Genital organs were obtained immediately after slaughter at the Brno abbatoir. Bulls were 14 to 20 months of age and weighed 450 to 650 kg, they were of the Czech Pied, Black and White breeds and their crossbreds. After an assessment of testosterone contents in testicular and epididymal tissues and microscopic examination of organs the concentration of testosterone determined according to the histopathological findings were (Tab. I) as follows. The mean content of testosterone in testicular homogenates was 38.96 +/- 47.0 ng/g. The values for the head, corpus and cauda regions of the epididymal tissue were 5.7 +/- 4.7, 5.3 +/- 5.1 and 3.2 +/- 3.5 ng/g tissue, respectively. The mean level of testosterone in testicular homogenates in the group without histopathological changes of the spermatogenic epithelium was 9.2 +/- 6.77; 5.26 +/- 4.2. In this group the concentration of 5.3 +/- 4.2 from the head 5.4 +/- 5.3 from the corpus and 3.23 +/- 3.26 ng/g tissue were revealed in the cauda of the epididymis. In the group with oedematous infiltration of the interstitium the mean level of testosterone in testicular tissue was determined 16.2 +/- 24.6, in the head of the epididymis it was 6.2 +/- 3.59, in the corpus 4.6 +/- 3.3 and 2.07 +/- 1.2 ng/g of testosterone was obtained from the cauda of the epididymis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- epididymis chemie MeSH
- skot anatomie a histologie metabolismus MeSH
- testis chemie patologie MeSH
- testosteron analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot anatomie a histologie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- testosteron MeSH
The occurrence of avian mycobacteriosis and sensitivity to M. avium were investigated in the laughing gull in this paper. The patho-morphological and culture examination of 35 individuals of the laughing gull caught at four different localities of the Czech Republic did not reveal any tuberculous lesions nor did it enable to isolate mycobacteria. After experimental intramuscular infection by suspension of M. avium macroscopic tuberculous lesions were found at the spot of puncture in 35 days, in liver and spleen in 70 days since the beginning of infection. In the simultaneously infected domestic fowl the lesions were determined at the spot of puncture, in spleen and liver in 35 days. Mycobacteria were isolated from several organs and tissues in both species in 35 days after infection. Tuberculous lesions were found in liver, spleen and intestines of the laughing gull in 118 days since peroral infection by feed contaminated with the liver of tuberculous fowl. This finding was identical in spleen of the domestic fowl only in 118 days. Mycobacteria were demonstrated in both species in 118 days, in liver, spleen, intestine and/or brain in the laughing gull, while in spleen only in the domestic fowl. Intestinal tuberculosis was determined in the laughing gull in 118 days after infection. The results of experimental infections show that the sensitivity of the laughing gull to M. avium is the same as in the domestic fowl. The occurrence of tuberculosis in the laughing gull is apparently depending upon the local epizootological situation, particularly upon the occurrence of M. avium sources and their accessibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza * epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Antibiotic resistance has been monitored in 293 strains of S. typhimurium and 260 strains of S. enteritidis isolated from poultry in Czech Republic in the years 1991 and 1992. Ninety per cent of all salmonella isolations examined by disc diffusion method (Bauer et al., 1966) were sensitive to all 8 antimicrobials (chloramphenicol, neomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, colistin, ampicillin, kanamycin, sulfisoxazol) used for testing. The strains of S. typhimurium were more resistant than S. enteritidis strains, as seen from the percentage of resistant strains, 17.4% and 1.2% respectively. Thirty-two (62.7%) out of 51 resistant strains were multiresistant. The percentage of resistance in S. typhimurium strains was as follows: sulfisoxazol (12.3%), streptomycin (11.3%), tetracycline (4.4%) and chloramphenicol (1.7%).
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis účinky léků MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
