OBJECTIVES: Previous research has shown that nutrition can influence cognitive abilities in older adults. We examined whether nutritional factors or inflammatory biomarkers moderate the age-cognition association. METHOD: Analyses included 1,308 participants (age ≥60) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Macronutrients (% of calories from fat, protein, and carbohydrates), micronutrients/amino acids (blood serum values: Vitamins B12, C, D, E, folate, iron, homocysteine, and β-carotene), and inflammatory biomarkers (serum C-reactive protein, plasma fibrinogen, and serum ferritin) were examined as moderators with cognition. Cognition was measured by six tasks: immediate and delayed story recall, immediate and delayed word memory, digit subtraction, and questions about place/orientation. RESULTS: Higher values of serum folate were significantly associated with better cognitive scores. Specifically, the interaction between age-cognition and folate indicated the associations of higher age and lower global cognition and lower immediate story recall were weaker in those with higher folate values (p's < .05). A significant interaction between age and plasma fibrinogen indicated that the association between age and worse digit subtraction was stronger with values >3.1 g/L. DISCUSSION: Folate and fibrinogen were significant moderators between age and cognition. Further research into the relationship between nutrition, inflammation, and cognitive aging is needed.

• MeSH
• beta-karoten krev   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• dieta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ferritiny krev   MeSH
• fibrinogen analýza   MeSH
• homocystein krev   MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce krev   etiologie   MeSH
• kyselina listová krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vitaminy krev   MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• zánět krev   komplikace   MeSH
• železo krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-karoten MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• ferritiny MeSH
• fibrinogen MeSH
• homocystein MeSH
• kyselina listová MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH
• železo MeSH

BACKGROUND: Midlife alcohol consumption (beer, wine, and spirits) was examined in relation to dementia incidence over 43 years. METHODS: Participants were 12,326 members of the population-based Swedish Twin Registry born during 1907-1925 who responded to items about alcohol consumption in 1967/1970, subsequently classified as nondrinking (0 grams of ethanol per day), light (1-5g/d), moderate (5-12g/d), heavy (12-24g/d), and very heavy (>24g/d) drinking. Dementia was identified from the National Patient and Cause of Death Registries. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for cluster-correlated data were used in cohort analyses. Conditional logistic regression (dementia-discordant pairs) and mixed effects models (dementia-concordant pairs) were used in twin analyses. RESULTS: Overall, nondrinkers did not differ from light drinkers in dementia risk. Heavy drinking (hazard ratio = 1.10, p = .028) and very heavy drinking (hazard ratio = 1.18, p = .033) were associated with increased dementia risk controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors. More alcohol from spirits was related to increased risk of dementia, whereas more alcohol from wine with decreased risk, although the association for wine reversed direction at high amounts. Relative to co-twins drinking light amounts, moderate-to-heavy drinking twins had (a) greater risk of dementia by 57% (p = .006, 300% in monozygotic pairs only) and (b) reduced time to dementia by 4.76 years (p = .019, 4.78 years in monozygotic pairs only). CONCLUSION: Averaging more than 12 grams of alcohol per day may increase risk of dementia. Alcohol from spirits appears particularly important for the increased dementia risk. Genetic and/or familial factors do not explain these associations. Alcohol use reduction may be a useful population-wide intervention strategy.

• Klíčová slova
• Dementia, Epidemiology, Risk factors,
• MeSH
• demence epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• studie na dvojčatech MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although alcohol-stroke association is well known, the age-varying effect of alcohol drinking at midlife on subsequent stroke risk across older adulthood has not been examined. The effect of genetic/early-life factors is also unknown. We used cohort and twin analyses of data with 43 years of follow-up for stroke incidence to help address these gaps. METHODS: All 11 644 members of the population-based Swedish Twin Registry born 1886 to 1925 with alcohol data aged ≤60 years were included. The interaction of midlife alcohol consumption by age at stroke was evaluated in Cox-regression and analyses of monozygotic twins were used. Covariates were baseline age, sex, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, stress reactivity, depression, body mass index, smoking, and exercise. RESULTS: Altogether 29% participants developed stroke. Compared with very-light drinkers (<0.5 drink/d), heavy drinkers (>2 drinks/d) had greater risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.34; P=0.02) and the effect for nondrinkers approached significance (hazard ratio, 1.11; P=0.08). Age increased stroke risk for nondrinkers (P=0.012) and decreased it for heavy drinkers (P=0.040). Midlife heavy drinkers were at high risk from baseline until the age of 75 years when hypertension and diabetes mellitus grew to being the more relevant risk factors. In analyses of monozygotic twin-pairs, heavy drinking shortened time to stroke by 5 years (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Stroke-risk associated with heavy drinking (>2 drinks/d) in midlife seems to predominate over well-known risk factors, hypertension and diabetes, until the age of ≈75 years and may shorten time to stroke by 5 years above and beyond covariates and genetic/early-life factors. Alcohol consumption should be considered an age-varying risk factor for stroke.

• Klíčová slova
• alcohols, risk factors, stroke, twins,
• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda epidemiologie   etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• studie na dvojčatech MeSH