Since WWTPs are not able to eliminate all psychoactive pharmaceuticals, these compounds become a part of the aquatic ecosystem. Our results indicate that compounds such as codeine or citalopram are eliminated with low efficiency (<38%), and compounds such as venlafaxine, oxazepam, or tramadol even with almost no efficiency. Lower elimination efficiency may be caused by the accumulation of these compounds in the wastewater treatment process. This study is focused on the possibility to remove problematic psychoactive compounds using aquatic plants. HPLC-MS analysis of the leaf extract obtained from studied plants showed that the amount of accumulated methamphetamine was highest in Pistia stratiotes and lower in the leaves of Limnophila sessiliflora and Cabomba caroliniana. However, tramadol and venlafaxine were accumulated considerably only in Cabomba caroliniana. Our study demonstrates that especially these three compounds - tramadol, venlafaxine, and methamphetamine, are accumulated in aquatic plants and can be removed from the aquatic environment. In our study was also observed that helophytic aquatic plants show a higher ability to remove psychoactive compounds from wastewater. Iris pseudacorus showed the best results in selected pharmaceuticals removal with no bioaccumulation effect in leaves or roots.

• Klíčová slova
• Aquatic plants, Bioaccumulation, Psychoactive pharmaceuticals, WWTP,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• methamfetamin * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• tramadol * MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• methamfetamin * MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• tramadol * MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid MeSH

About 26 000 patients are treated per year with radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases in the Czech Republic. Approximately 75% of them are treated on X-ray therapy units and most of these patients undergo radiotherapy of heel spurs. The evaluation of radiation exposure of these patients was based on measured organ doses and on data from clinical practice. Collective effective doses for particular diagnoses were calculated in order to compare doses resulting from different diagnoses treated on X-ray therapy units. The collective effective dose from radiotherapy of heel spurs in the Czech Republic in 2013 was evaluated to 77 manSv. It represents 25.6% of the total collective effective dose for all diagnoses of radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases treated on X-ray therapy units.

• MeSH
• celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické * MeSH
• kritické orgány účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• ostruha kosti patní radioterapie   MeSH
• plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače metody   MeSH
• radiační expozice analýza   MeSH
• rentgenová terapie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

In radiotherapy, radiochromic films can be used for verification of delivery of dose distributions calculated by treatment planning systems. The main objective of this work was to compare three different techniques for evaluation of dose distributions for prostate cancer treatment plans using radiochromic EBT3 films. These techniques are: red channel evaluation taking into account only a response of irradiated film (R), red channel evaluation taking into account a response of unirradiated and irradiated film (Rcor) and multichannel evaluation in FilmQA software (RGB). Also comparison between film and MatriXX measurement was performed. Comparison showed that gamma analysis passing rates strongly depend on evaluation technique and on a model of scanner for digitizing films. The highest gamma passing rates were obtained with red channel evaluation taking into account a response of unirradiated and irradiated film using Epson V750 scanner (Rcor) and multichannel evaluation in FilmQA using Epson 11000XL scanner.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické * MeSH
• filmová dozimetrie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty radioterapie   MeSH
• plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače metody   MeSH
• radioterapie s modulovanou intenzitou metody   MeSH
• záření gama MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• buněčná inkluze patologie   MeSH
• gastritida diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální endoskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plazmatické buňky patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• astrocytom diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory mozku diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• temenní lalok * MeSH
• týlní lalok * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• gangliogliom diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory mozku diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• neuroepitelové nádory diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• amygdala MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory mozku komplikace   diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• neuroepitelové nádory komplikace   diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gangliogliom diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory mozku diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• spánkový lalok * patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The purpose of this work was an evaluation of organ doses and effective doses from three verification techniques in Image-Guided Radiotherapy: from kilovoltage (kV) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, from two orthogonal kV images and from two orthogonal megavoltage (MV) images for two different treatment sites: pelvis and head and neck (H&N). For comparison reasons, organ doses and effective doses from prostate and H&N radiotherapy were also evaluated. Measurements of organ doses were performed in a male anthropomorphic Rando phantom by means of thermoluminescent dosemeters. In this investigation, measured organ doses from one CBCT scan, from two MV images and from two kV images of pelvis represent typically 1-6, 1-10 and 0.05-1 %, respectively, of organ doses resulting from one fraction of prostate radiotherapy. The maximum effective doses from CBCT scans, kV images and MV images of pelvis are 5.6, 0.8 and 11.9 mSv, respectively.

• MeSH
• celková dávka radioterapie * MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
• hlava diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• krk diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty diagnostické zobrazování   radioterapie   MeSH
• pánev diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová tomografie s kuželovým svazkem * MeSH
• radioterapie řízená obrazem * MeSH
• termoluminiscenční dozimetrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Mutations of the K-ras gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human lung adenocarcinomas. In most studies published so far, squamous cell lung cancers harbored ras mutations only exceptionally or no mutations were detected at all. We have examined 141 lung tumor DNA samples for mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 of K-ras and H-ras oncogenes. A large panel of 118 squamous cell carcinomas was included in the study. For K-ras codon 12, we used a sensitive two-step PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method which detects <1% of mutated DNA in the sample. K-ras mutations were found in 17 tumors (12%; 14 in codon 12 and 3 in codon 13). Among 19 adenocarcinomas, mutation was revealed in 7 samples (37%). Of these, one sample harbored two point mutations in codon 12. Nine mutational events were found in squamous cell carcinomas (8%, one adenosquamous carcinoma included, all in codon 12). Of four large cell carcinomas, one contained a mutation. Mutant-enriched PCR products harboring mutations were directly sequenced. Fifteen mutational events were G-->T transversions or G-->A transitions, one was a G-->C transition, and one sample revealed a frameshift deletion of one G from codon 12. Similar mutational spectrum was found in both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, suggesting similar carcinogenic pathways in both histological types of the tumor. The presence of mutations did not correlate with the stage of the disease. Moreover, we analyzed all samples for mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the H-ras gene. We found only one mutation in codon 12. Thus, H-ras mutations apparently play an inferior role in lung carcinogenesis. We conclude that mutations of the K-ras oncogene can play a role in the development of not only lung adenocarcinomas but also of a subset (about 8%) of squamous cell carcinomas.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom genetika   MeSH
• adenoskvamózní karcinom genetika   MeSH
• bodová mutace * MeSH
• geny ras * MeSH
• kodon MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nemalobuněčný karcinom plic genetika   patologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů * MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) genetika   MeSH
• restrikční mapování MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin MeSH
• velkobuněčný karcinom genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HRAS protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• kodon MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) MeSH