The purpose of this study is (1) to introduce a new approach for edge detection in orthopantograms (OPGs) and an improved automatic parameter selector for common edge detectors, (2) to present a comparison between our novel approach with common edge detectors and (3) to provide faster outputs without compromising quality. A new approach for edge detection based on statistical measures was introduced: (1) a set of N edge detection results is calculated from a given input image and a selected type of edge detector, (2) N correspondence maps are constructed from N edge detection results, (3) probabilities and average probabilities are computed, (4) an overall correspondence is evaluated for each correspondence map and (5) the correspondence map providing the best overall correspondence is taken as the result of edge detection procedure. A comparison with common edge detectors (the Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel, Laplacian of the Gaussian and Canny methods) with various parameter settings (304 combinations for each test image) was carried out. The methods were assessed objectively [edge mismatch error (EME), modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) and principal component analysis] and subjectively by experts in dentistry and based on time demands. The suitability of the new approach for edge detection in OPGs was confirmed by experts. The current conventional methods in edge detection in OPGs are inadequate (none of the tested methods reach an EME value or MHD value below 0.1). Our proposed approach for edge detection shows promising potential for its implementation in clinical dentistry. It enhances the accuracy of OPG interpretation and advances diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Klíčová slova
- computer-assisted image processing, medical imaging, panoramic radiography,
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- anatomická značka diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- artefakty MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cysty čelistí diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- extrakce zubů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- normální rozdělení MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pravděpodobnost MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika panoramatická statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- rentgenový obraz - interpretace počítačová metody MeSH
- zubní kaz diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- zuby přespočetné diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Increased serum or urinary concentrations of neopterin have been described in patients with tumors of different primary locations, but reports on neopterin in patients with breast carcinoma are relatively innumerous. We have evaluated urinary neopterin in 456 patients with breast carcinoma. Urinary neopterin was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Neopterin in patients was increased only in a minority of patients with breast carcinoma. Increased urinary neopterin was associated with inferior overall survival. Prognostic significance of increased urinary neopterin was evident in patients with tumors expressing hormone receptors or/and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2, but not in patients with triple negative tumors. Among other parameters determined, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, peripheral blood neutrophil count and platelet count were significant prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, age, expression of hormone receptors, neutrophils, stage and hemoglobin concentration were independent prognostic indicators. In conclusion, serum neopterin is increased only in a minority of patients with breast carcinoma. Increased urinary neopterin was predictive of poor survival in univariate, but not multivariate analysis. Age, expression of hormone receptors, neutrophils, stage and hemoglobin concentration were independent prognostic indicators.
- MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- erbB receptory analýza MeSH
- hemoglobiny analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- nádory prsu mortalita moč MeSH
- neopterin krev moč MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- počet trombocytů MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny analýza MeSH
- receptory progesteronu analýza MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- C-reaktivní protein MeSH
- erbB receptory MeSH
- hemoglobiny MeSH
- neopterin MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny MeSH
- receptory progesteronu MeSH
Rheological conditions basically influence tissue perfusion, oxygen and nutrient supply, tissue regeneration and in its consequence the course of pathological processes, especially in microcirculation and partially even in macrocirculation. Haemorheotherapy has shown to be successful in several indications (critical disorders in microcirculation) when other methods of therapy have failed. In this study we describe the changes of effectivity indicators in haemorheopheresis treatment and their clinical importance in cases of eye microcirculation, statoacoustic apparatus and disorders of the lower extremities. We treated with haemorheopheresis (separator Cobe.Spetra + Evaflux filter) 24 patients (16 patients with age related macular degeneration, 5 with critical peripheral arterial foot disease, and 3 with acute hearing loss). After the procedures alpha2-macroglobulin decreases by about 58%, fibrinogen by about 69%, IgM by about 61%, LDL-cholesterol by about 77%, apolipoprotein B by about 76% and lipoprotein(a) by about 63%. It corresponds with a decrease in blood and plasma viscosity and clinical improvement in the observed patients, i.e. visual improvement, acceleration of tissue defect healing and improvement in hearing. We noticed 7.1% clinically insignificant side-effects. The method of haemorheopheresis was safe. It led to improvement in patients' clinical condition in the above mentioned indications when other methods of treatment failed.
- MeSH
- hyperlipidemie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makulární degenerace krev terapie MeSH
- mikrocirkulace fyziologie MeSH
- náhlá nedoslýchavost krev terapie MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) krevní zásobení patofyziologie MeSH
- obnova funkce MeSH
- onemocnění periferních cév krev terapie MeSH
- plazmaferéza * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vředy na noze (od hlezna dolů) terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
The important substances of secondary metabolism include flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The Trifolium pratense L. (Fabaceae) suspension culture's yield of these metabolites is low, thus an attempt was made to increase the production by elicitation. The endogenous signal substances of the plants' defensive responses include jasmonic acid that also functions as a biotic elicitor in the case of exogenous application. In the experiment the authors monitored the impact of 4 different concentrations of jasmonic acid on the Trifolium pratense L. (variety DO-8 and variety DO-9) suspension culture's yield. The culture was cultivated in Gamborg medium to which 2 mg.l(-1) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg.l(-1) of 6-benzylaminopurine were added. The maximum increase in the production of flavonoids was achieved, when compared with the control samples, with both varieties of the 500 micromol concentration (DO-9, 6-hour application by 140%; DO-8, 24-hour application by 65%). The production of isoflavonoids (genistin, daidzein, genistein, and formononetine) was best stimulated in both varieties by the 50 micromol concentration (in the case of DO-9 variety, the 48-hour application increased the content of genistin by up to 845%).
- MeSH
- cyklopentany farmakologie MeSH
- flavonoidy biosyntéza MeSH
- isoflavony biosyntéza MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- oxylipiny farmakologie MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin farmakologie MeSH
- Trifolium metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklopentany MeSH
- flavonoidy MeSH
- isoflavony MeSH
- jasmonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- oxylipiny MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
Scopoletin is a coumarin possessing many interesting biological effects, e.g., spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antifungal, apoptosis-inducing, antiproliferative, acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory, and hypouricemic activities. Plant tissue cultures represent a promising alternative source of valuable plant-derived substances. A number of physical and chemical factors influence the cell growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plant tissue cultures. The mechanism of their action is not completely understood. Besides other factors, plant growth regulators and light conditions play an important role. Effects of four auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA, beta-indoleacetic acid, IAA or beta-indolebutyric acid, IBA) at four concentrations (0.2, 2, 10 or 20 mg/l) on the culture growth and accumulation of scopoletin in the medium were tested in Angelica archangelica cell suspension cultures cultured under continuous light or in the dark. The highest culture growth was achieved with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, and 10 mg/l IAA. The best scopoletin levels were obtained with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 mg/l 2,4-D, 10 mg/l NAA, and 20 mg/l IAA. The effects of light conditions were less marked than those of auxins and their concentrations in influencing both the cell growth and scopoletin accumulation in Angelica archangelica cell suspension cultures. The changes brought about by auxins were modified by light conditions.
- MeSH
- Angelica archangelica účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové farmakologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin farmakologie MeSH
- skopoletin metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
- skopoletin MeSH
Plant tissue cultures represent a promising source of substances of natural origin. The main problem of their use is a low production of the majority of secondary metabolites. One of the methods of increasing the production of these substances is elicitation, because the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites in plant cells is part of the defensive reaction against biological or abiotic stress influences. The paper tested vanadium compounds as potential elicitors of the production of coumarins: sodium vanadate (0.2; 1; 10; 100 and 1000 microM/l of medium) and vanadyl sulfate (10; 20; 50; 100; 200 and 500 microM/l of medium). The toxicity of these substances for the culture was simultaneously monitored by means of the evaluation of the effects on growth (characterized by fresh and dry weights of biomass at the end of two-week cultivation). The cultures were grown both in the light and dark. The growth of the cultures was not influenced by sodium vanadate at concentrations of 0.2 to 100 microM. A vanadate concentration of 1000 microM acted already toxically (in comparison with the control culture, the fresh weight was decreased by 28 % and the dry weight by 41% when cultivated in the light; the fresh weight by 69% and the dry weight by 66% when cultivated in the dark). Vanadyl sulfate in concentrations of 10 to 50 microM did not affect the growth of the culture, at higher concentrations it decreased it gradually: a concentration of 500 microM acted already toxically, again more markedly when cultivated in the light (in comparison with the control culture, the fresh weight was decreased by 27% and dry weight by 38% when cultivated in the light; the fresh weight by 65% and the dry weight by 61% when cultivated in the dark). The production of coumarins was stimulated by sodium vanadate in a concentration of 0.2 and 1 microM when cultivated in the light. The content of coumarins increased in comparison with the control culture mainly in the medium by 46% and by 25% at vanadate concentrations of 0.2 and 1 microM, respectively. Vanadyl sulfate did not increase the production of coumarins.
Important substances of secondary metabolism include flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The Trifolium pratense L. (Fabacae) suspension culture is characterized by low production of these metabolites and therefore we tried to influence the production output with elicitation. From their origin point of view, the elicitors are divided into two groups - biotic and abiotic. The latter group includes, for instance, the salts of heavy metals. Our work was aimed at observing the effect of the copper sulphate abiotic elicitor on the production of the Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture (variety DO-8 and variety DO-9) that was cultivated in Gamborg media supplemented with 2 mg l(-1) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg l(-1) of 6-benzylaminopurine. The maximum increase in the flavonoid production took place, when compared with the test check, during the 168-hour application of the 100 micromol concentration. The DO-8 variety isoflavonoids production was stimulated namely during the 48-hour application of the I micromol concentration; the best elicitation effect of the DO-9 variety was achieved with the 168-hour application of the 10 micromol concentration.
- MeSH
- flavonoidy biosyntéza MeSH
- síran měďnatý farmakologie MeSH
- techniky tkáňových kultur MeSH
- Trifolium metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- flavonoidy MeSH
- síran měďnatý MeSH
The red cloverl seems to be a prospective source of flavonoids and isoflavonoids with phytoestrogenic activity. Young seedlings of four different varieties of Trifolium pratense L. were employed to derive callus and suspension cultures. The optimal medium for cultivation is Gamborg's cultivating medium with an addition of 2 mg x l(-1) of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg x l(-1) of 6-benzylaminopurine. On the basis of growth and production characteristics, subcultivating intervals of 29 to 43 days in callus culture and 16 to 23 days in suspension culture were determined. TLC and HPLC revealed that the explant culture of Trifolium pratense L. contains the isoflavonoid formononetin.
- MeSH
- flavonoidy biosyntéza MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- Trifolium metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- flavonoidy MeSH
The plant cell reacts to an increased concentration of metals in the environment by various mechanisms. They include an increase in the formation of heat-shock proteins, metallothioneins, phytochelatins, amino acids (cysteine, histidine), organic acids (citric, malic), or secondary metabolites. The latter mechanism is being investigated for its possible use in explant cultures for the stimulation of secondary metabolism, which is the source of substances of pharmaceutical importance. The study tested manganese (II) (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mM in the medium), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) ions (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 microM in the medium) as potential elicitors of coumarin production. At the same time, toxicity of these metals for the culture was examined by evaluating their effect on growth (characterized by fresh and dry weight of biomass at the end of a two-week cultivation). Cultures were cultivated in the dark and in the light. It has been found that the growth of cultures is not influenced by manganese in concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 mM, then it slightly decreases, at a concentration of 50 mM it is lower by 20 % when cultivated in the dark and by 30 % when cultivated in the light in comparison with the control. Cobalt in concentrations of 0 to 50 microM does not significantly influence the growth of the culture, higher concentrations decrease the biomass yields, more markedly when cultivated in the light (at 500 microM Co by 60 %, in the dark only by 30 % in comparison with the controls). Nickel in concentrations of 0.1 to 200 microM does not influence growth, and in a concentration of 500 microM decreases it by approximately 30 % in comparison with the control both in the light and dark. Production of coumarins was not stimulated by any metal in comparison with the control cultures, only the removal of manganese from the medium in the culture cultivated in the dark increased production by about 15 % versus the control.
- MeSH
- Angelica archangelica metabolismus MeSH
- kobalt farmakologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- kumariny metabolismus MeSH
- mangan farmakologie MeSH
- nikl farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kobalt MeSH
- kumariny MeSH
- mangan MeSH
- nikl MeSH
Elicitation-produced stress activates the defensive reactions of the plant or plant explant, which result, among others, in a change in the transcription of the genes coding the enzymes influencing biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The present paper investigated the effect of ions of heavy metals in concentrations od 1; 10, and 100 microM on the production of anthracene derivatives by the explant culture of Rheum palmatum L. cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with an addition of 10 mg.l(-1) of alpha-naphthylacetic acid. The periods of application of elicitation were 6; 24; 48, and 168 hours. It follows from the results that the applied abiotic elicitation positively influenced the production mainly in suspension culture. The maximal increase in the content of anthracene derivatives versus the control by 66% was observed after 48-hour action of 10 microM concentration of cadmium chloride. Aluminium chloride produced the largest increase in the production after 6-hour application of a 100 microM concentration, when in comparison with the control culture the production was stimulated by 60%.
