We performed measurement of mechanical atrioventricular conduction time intervals in human fetuses assessed by Doppler echocardiography and provided reference values. We found that atrioventricular conduction time interval was prolonged with gestational age and decreased with increasing fetal heart rate. No correlation between gestational age and heart rate was found. Using normal limits established by this study, mechanical atrioventricular interval >135 ms in the 20(th) week and/or >145 ms in the 26(th) week of gestation could be suspected of having the first-degree AV block. We compared reference values with fetuses of mothers with anti-SSA Ro/SSB La autoantibodies, being in risk of isolated congenital heart block development. One of 21 fetuses of mothers with positive autoantibodies was affected by prolonged atrioventricular interval according to the established limits, with sinus rhythm after the birth.

• MeSH
• atrioventrikulární blokáda diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• barevná dopplerovská echokardiografie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci plodu diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ultrasonografie prenatální * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To examine coagulation factors and liver function test abnormalities in patients after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). DESIGN: Cross sectional study comprising clinical and echocardiographic evaluation, and biochemical and coagulation profile screening. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. METHODS: 102 patients aged 4-24 years (median 10 years) at one to eight years (median five years) after TCPC were examined. All patients were maintained on a low dose of aspirin. 96% of patients were in a good clinical condition (New York Heart Association class I or II). No intracardiac thrombi were detected on echocardiography and ventricular function was good in 91% of patients. RESULTS: Total bilirubin was increased in 27% and gamma glutamyltransferase in 54% of patients. Serum total protein, albumin, and prealbumin were normal in almost in all patients. Compared with the control group, patients after TCPC had significantly lower fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and protein C concentrations, prolonged international normalised ratio, and increased antithrombin III concentration. Factor V concentration was abnormally decreased in 35%, factor VII in 16%, and protein C in 28% of patients. Antithrombin III was increased in 23% of patients. Factor VII, factor V, protein C, and antithrombin III correlated significantly with serum prealbumin. There was also a significant correlation between procoagulant factor VII and both anticoagulant protein C and antithrombin III. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of patients after TCPC had laboratory signs of mild cholestasis. Decreased liver synthesis of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors was observed but overall coagulation homeostasis appeared to be in balance in this selected group of patients with a good clinical outcome.

• MeSH
• bypass pravého srdce * MeSH
• cholestáza etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hemokoagulace * MeSH
• játra patofyziologie   MeSH
• koagulační faktory analýza   MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pooperační období MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady krev   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• koagulační faktory MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long term results and independent predictors of outcome of aortic valvoplasty. DESIGN: Retrospective follow up study. Independent predictors of outcome identified by multiple logistic regression. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: 269 consecutive patients treated at the median age of 8 months (0-23 years): 80 (30%) under 4 weeks, 59 (22%) between 4 weeks and 1 year, and 130 (48%) over 1 year. The follow up period was up to 14.8 years (median 5.3, in survivors 6.4 years). INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous balloon valvoplasty with mean (SD) balloon to annulus ratio 0.97 (0.08). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Restenosis > or = 70 mm Hg, grade 3 aortic insufficiency, cusps disruption, surgery, death, and valvoplasty failure (significant restenosis or insufficiency or surgery or death). RESULTS: The mortality rate was 10.4% (n = 28), the restenosis rate was 16.7% (n = 45), significant insufficiency developed in 22.3% (n = 60), surgery was needed in 20.1% (n = 54), and "valvoplasty failure" occurred in 41.6% (n = 112) patients. Mean (SEM) survival probability 14.4 years after the procedure was 0.89 (0.02) and mean (SEM) probability of surgery-free survival was 0.50 (0.08). The independent predictors were as follows. For restenosis: small aortic annulus; for cusp disruption: large aortic annulus; for insufficiency: bicuspid aortic valve; for need for surgery: bicuspid aortic valve; for death: small aortic annulus, low left ventricular shortening fraction, and low sequential number of the valvoplasty; and for valvoplasty failure: small aortic annulus, bicuspid aortic valve, and high grade of mitral insufficiency. CONCLUSION: Independent predictors of unfavourable outcome are small aortic annulus, bicuspid aortic valve, poor function of left ventricle or mitral valve, and limited operator experience.

• MeSH
• aortální insuficience etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• aortální stenóza vrozené   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• katetrizace metody   mortalita   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• opakovaná terapie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Congenital heart diseases with a functionally single ventricle can be surgically treated using total cavopulmonary connection. Regurgitation of atrioventricular valves represents one of risk factors for death and unfavourable long-term result after this operation. During 1996-2001 total cavopulmonary connection with a complex plastic repair of atrioventricular valves was performed in 8 patients at the age from 1.4 to 13.3 years (median 7.8 years). All patients had very complex congenital heart diseases with severe malformation of atrioventricular valves. All but one had pulmonary stenosis or atresia. Six patients had common atrioventricular orifice, 5 patients had bilateral superior caval veins and 4 patients had dextrocardia or mesocardia. In 6 (75%) patients one or two palliative operations had been performed earlier. Before surgery all patients were cyanotic with severe hypoxemia and polyglobulia. All patients had regurgitant atrioventricular valves. The surgery was performed from the midline sternotomy approach, in extracorporeal circulation and moderate hypothermia. The surgery consisted in excision of the atrial septum, construction of a direct connection of all superior and inferior caval veins with the pulmonary artery, transsection of the pulmonary trunk and complex plastic repair of atrioventricular valves. The inferior caval vein was derived to the pulmonary artery using an intraatrial lateral tunnel in 3 patients and using an external conduit from a Goretex vascular prosthesis in 5 patients. In 5 patients a fenestration in tunnel or conduit permitting decompression of the systemic venous return was done. Individualized plastic repair of atrioventricular valves consisted in the suture of the central portions of both common leaflets. Four patients required also commissuroplasty of one to four commissures and two patients required annuloplasty. All patients survived the early postoperative period. In the majority of them complications occurred: hypoxemia in 3, pleural effusions in 3, low cardiac output in 2 and bleeding in 1 patient. In two patients reintervention for severe hypoxemia was necessary. Postoperative echocardiographic examination proved good result in all patients. In 6 (75%) patients the grade of regurgitation of atrioventricular valves decreased immediately after the repair, in the two remaining patients the degree of regurgitation decreased during the follow up. One patient with the most severe residual regurgitation which progressed during the follow up died 2.5 years later under the signs of congestive heart failure after spontaneous closure of fenestration. The 7 (87.5%) living patients remain in good clinical condition in NYHA class I or II. Our experience proved that it is possible to perform total cavopulmonary connection with low mortality and good midterm results even in patients with hemodynamically significant regurgitation of atrioventricular valves. Persistent severe or progressive regurgitation, however, requires surgical reintervention.

• MeSH
• bypass pravého srdce * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitrální chlopeň abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• srdeční komory abnormality   MeSH
• trikuspidální chlopeň abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The acute hemodynamic effect of atrioventricular (AV) and inter/intraventricular (IV) resynchronization accomplished by temporary pacing using multiple epicardial pacing wires was evaluated in 20 children (aged 3.4 months to 14.0 years) after surgery for congenital heart defects fulfilling the following criteria: (1) presence of AV and/or IV conduction delay, and (2) need for inotropic support. AV resynchronization (n = 13) was achieved by AV delay optimization during atrial synchronous right ventricular outflow tract pacing. IV resynchronization (n = 14) was accomplished by atrial synchronous pacing from the right ventricular lateral wall in 7 patients with right bundle branch block and normal AV conduction and by atrial synchronous multisite ventricular pacing in another 7 patients with previously performed AV resynchronization. Compared with baseline values, AV resynchronization resulted in an increase in arterial systolic, mean, and pulse pressures by 7.2 +/- 8.3% (p <0.01), 8.6 +/- 8.1% (p <0.005), and 6.9 +/- 13.5% (p = NS), respectively. IV resynchronization used either alone or added to previously performed AV resynchronization led to a pressure increase of 7.0 +/- 4.7%, 5.9 +/- 4.7%, and 9.4 +/- 7.8%, respectively (p <0.001 for all). The combined effect of AV and IV resynchronization resulted in a systolic, mean, and pulse pressure increase of 10.2 +/- 5.0% (range 4.0 to 19.1), 8.6 +/- 5.4% (range 0.8 to 14.8), and 15.2 +/- 8.5% (range 6.1 to 33.3), respectively (p <0.001 for all). The increase in systolic arterial pressure after IV resynchronization was positively correlated with the initial QRS duration (r = 0.62, p <0.05) and extent of QRS shortening (r = 0.66, p <0.05). In conclusion, resynchronization pacing led to a significant increase in arterial blood pressure and was a useful adjunct to the treatment of acute postoperative heart failure in patients with AV and/or IV conduction delay.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektrokardiografie MeSH
• hemodynamika fyziologie   MeSH
• kardiostimulace umělá metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nízký srdeční výdej etiologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• srdeční blokáda terapie   MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Disturbance of normal AV synchrony and dyssynchronous ventricular contraction may be deleterious in patients with otherwise compromised hemodynamics. This study evaluated the effect of hemodynamically optimized temporary dual chamber pacing in patients after surgery for congenital heart disease. Pacing was performed in 23 children aged 5 days to 7.7 years (median 7.3 months) with various postoperative dysrhythmias, low cardiac output, and/or high inotropic support and optimized to achieve the highest systolic and mean arterial pressures. The following four pacing modes were used: (1) AV synchronous or AV sequential pacing with individually optimized AV delay in 11 patients with first- to third-degree AV block; (2) AV sequential pacing using transesophageal atrial pacing in combination with a temporary DDD pacemaker for atrial tracking and ventricular pacing in three patients with third-degree AV block and junctional ectopic tachycardia, respectively, who had poor signal and exit block on atrial epicardial pacing wires; (3) R wave synchronized atrial pacing in eight patients with junctional ectopic tachycardia and impaired antegrade AV conduction precluding the use of atrial overdrive pacing; (4) Atrio-biventricular sequential pacing in two patients. Pressures measured during optimized pacing were compared to baseline values at underlying rhythm (13 patients with first-degree AV block or junctional ectopic tachycardia) or during pacing modes commonly used in the given clinical situation: AAI pacing (1 patient with slow junctional rhythm and first-degree AV block during atrial pacing), VVI pacing (2 patients with third-degree AV block and exit block and poor sensing on epicardial atrial pacing wires) and dual-chamber pacing with AV delays set to 100 ms (atrial tracking) or 150 ms (AV sequential pacing) in 7 patients with second- to third-degree AV block and functional atrial pacing wires. Optimized pacing led to a significant increase in arterial systolic (mean) pressure from 71.5 +/- 12.5 (52.3 +/- 9.0) to 80.5 +/- 12.2 (59.7 +/- 9.1) mmHg (P < 0.001 for both) and a decrease in central venous (left atrial) pressure from 12.3 +/- 3.4 (10.5 +/- 3.2) to 11.0 +/- 3.0 (9.2 +/- 2.7) mmHg (P < 0.001 and < 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, several techniques of individually optimized temporary dual chamber pacing leading to optimal AV synchrony and/or synchronous ventricular contraction were successfully used to improve hemodynamics in patients with heart failure and selected dysrhythmias after congenital heart surgery.

• MeSH
• elektrokardiografie MeSH
• hemodynamika MeSH
• kardiostimulace umělá metody   MeSH
• kardiostimulátor * MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pooperační komplikace terapie   MeSH
• srdeční arytmie terapie   MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Most adolescents and young adults born with transposition of the great arteries and survivors of Mustard operation are alive today and are leading ordinary lives. How far is the quality of their life influenced by residual findings? METHODS: We have analysed the oldest group of 177 children operated on with the Mustard procedure during 1979-1984 from our total experience of 609 corrections of transposition of the great arteries until 1996. In the long-term follow-up 12 to 18 years after Mustard operation the clinical investigation, 24 hours ECG Holter monitoring, 2D and colour flow Doppler echocardiography, radionuclide angiocardiography and exercise testing were performed. RESULTS: Basic sinus rhythm had 61% of 137 survivors, sinus node dysfunction had 51%. All but 4 patients needed no antiarrhythmic therapy. There were 10 sudden deaths. Severe tricuspid valve regurgitation developed in 15.9% of children, and decreased to 6% after intensive medical treatment. The right ventricular systolic dysfunction was found on radionuclide ventriculography in 8% of children after surgery. The left ventricular ejection fraction was subnormal in 10% and left ventricular diastolic function expressed by rapid filling fraction was subnormal in 80% of patients and may cause inability to increase cardiac output at exercise The obstruction of caval veins was found in 9%. There were neurological complications in 13.3% (10% already preoperatively) but severe brain damage was found in 4.4% only. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise tolerance with the maximum oxygen consumption over 30 ml/kg/min in 96% of investigated children suggests the good ability and full efficiency for recreation sports. Most survivors (84%) are reported to lead ordinary lives and function in NYHA class I.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dopplerovská echokardiografie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrokardiografie ambulantní MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• komorová dysfunkce diagnóza   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kontrakce myokardu MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• radioisotopová ventrikulografie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• srdeční selhání etiologie   mortalita   patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční síně abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• tepový objem MeSH
• transpozice velkých cév diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• trikuspidální insuficience diagnóza   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Tetralogy of Fallot, when associated with atrioventricular septal defect permitting shunting at ventricular level, represents a complex cyanotic congenital malformation. Experience with surgical repair is limited, and results vary considerably. Between 1984 and 1996, we repaired 14 consecutive patients with this combination seen in our center. Their ages ranged from 8 months to 21 years (median 7.4 years). Six (42.9%) had Down's syndrome. In eight patients the correct diagnosis was made using echocardiography alone. In the remaining six patients, who had previously-constructed arterial shunts and/or suspected pulmonary arterial stenosis, catheterization and angiocardiography were also performed. The repair consisted of double patch closure of the septal defect, reconstruction of two atrioventricular orifices, and relief of pulmonary stenosis at all levels. In five patients with a hypoplastic pulmonary trunk, a monocusp transannular patch (four patients) or an allograft (one patient) was used for restoration of continuity from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. Patch enlargement of one or both pulmonary arteries was necessary in five patients. One patient (7.1%) died early, and another late. The twelve surviving (85.8%) patients have been followed for 1.2-12.5 years after surgery (median 4.9 years, mean 5.9+/-3.9 years). During the follow-up, reoperation was necessary for repair of residual ventricular septal defect and pulmonary regurgitation in two patients, and closure of an atrial septal defect and alteration to left atrioventricular valvar regurgitation in one patient. Seven patients are in class I of the New York Heart Association, four in class II, and one in class III. Tetralogy of Fallot associated with atrioventricular septal defect can be corrected with low mortality and good long-term results. Residual lesions, however, have a tendency to progress, especially when seen in combination. After surgery, all patients need long-term close follow-up.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• defekty komorového septa komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• defekty septa síní komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Fallotova tetralogie komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the right and left ventricle in a large cohort of patients after Mustard or Senning operations and to assess changes in the incidence on long term follow up. DESIGN: Postoperative case-control study using radionuclide ventriculography. Ejection fractions, peak filling rates, rapid filling periods and fractions, slow filling periods and fractions, and atrial contraction periods and fractions were studied. SETTING: Tertiary care centre, ambulatory and hospital inpatient care. PATIENTS: A convenience sample of 153 patients studied at median age of 6.9 years (median 4.4 years after surgery). In 99 cases another study was available at a median age of 15.3 years (median 13 years after surgery and 8.8 years after the first study). RESULTS: Respective incidences of dysfunction in the first and the second study were as follows: ejection fraction-right ventricle 7.8% and 8.1%, left ventricle 7.2% and 10.1%: peak filling rate-right ventricle 0% and 4.2%, left ventricle 14.3% and 29.5% (p < 0.05); rapid filling period-right ventricle 18.3% and 11.6%, left ventricle 30.2% and 30.5%; slow filling period-right ventricle 4.8% and 3.2%; left ventricle 11.9% and 23.2%; atrial contraction period-right ventricle 0.8% and 4.2%, left ventricle 15.1% and 26.3%; rapid filling fraction-right ventricle both 0%, left ventricle 82.5% and 79.0%; slow filling fraction-right ventricle 0.8% and 4.2%, left ventricle 37.3% and 30.5%; atrial contraction fraction-right ventricle both 0%, left ventricle 79.4% and 71.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of systolic ventricular dysfunction is 8% (right ventricle) and 10% (left ventricle) 13 years after surgery, without a significant increase over the eight year follow up. Diastolic filling is abnormal in up to 80% of patients and left ventricular peak filling rate deteriorates with time.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysfunkce levé srdeční komory diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• radioisotopová ventrikulografie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• systola MeSH
• transpozice velkých cév diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of mortality and morbidity of patients treated by primary total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC)-Primary correction group, and comparison to patients treated by bidirectional Glenn (BDG) followed by total cavopulmonary connection-two stage TCPC group. METHODS: Retrospective study of 123 consecutive patients who underwent 144 different types of cavopulmonary connections between 1987-1995: bidirectional Glenn 59, HemiFontan operation 10, primary total cavopulmonary connection 54, and total cavopulmonary connection completion after previous bidirectional Glenn 21. Important preoperative risk factors: age, systemic outflow obstruction, pulmonary venous obstruction, pulmonary artery (PA) hypoplasia (McGoon ratio), PA stenosis/distortion, PA mean pressure, PA vascular resistance, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, systolic and diastolic ventricular function and ventricular hypertrophy were re-evaluated according to Texas Heart Institution Scoring System in both groups. Three different preoperative risk groups were established: low risk, score (0-3) moderate risk (4,5) and high risk score (> or = 6). RESULTS: Mean age was 85.2 month (range 16.1-229.5 months) and 106.6 months (range 42.6-178.9 months) in primary correction group and two stage TCPC group, respectively. Diagnosis was similar in both groups, majority having univentricular heart or hypoplastic one ventricle. Initial palliation (pulmonary artery banding, modified aortopulmonary shunt, coarctation repair etc.) was performed in 38 (70.3%) patients of primary correction group and in 12 (57.1%) two stage TCPC group. The mortality was 7.4% (4 out of 54) and 14.2% (3 out of 21) for primary correction and two stage TCPC group, respectively. There were two take down in the primary correction group. There was no late death in either group. Operative data and postoperative morbidity did not statistically differ in both groups. CONCLUSION: Until 1993 bidirectional Glenn was preferred to primary total cavopulmonary connection for high risk patients. High mortality 14.2% patients of two stage TCPC group vs. 7.4% of primary correction group in patients with the same preoperative hazard led us to change our policy. We now prefer primary TCPC for all patients with functional single ventricle and surgically correctable major associated defects. High risk patients undergo TCPC with fenestration. Patients not suitable for TCPC undergo either HemiFontan operation or some type of initial palliative procedure.

• MeSH
• bypass pravého srdce metody   mortalita   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Fontanova operace metody   mortalita   MeSH
• kardiopulmonální bypass metody   mortalita   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pooperační komplikace mortalita   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady diagnóza   mortalita   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH