In this study the possibility to detect biomarkers in experimentally prepared evaporitic matrices using a portable Raman instrument was estimated. Testing of the instrument was carried-out under the Alpine conditions outdoors at a low ambient temperature of -10 °C and at an altitude of 2860 m (Pitztal, Austria). Amino acids glycine and l-alanine, nucleo bases thymine and adenine, and metabolite urea were the organics mixed with gypsum powder. In this step it was shown that portable Raman spectroscopic instrumentation is capable of detecting biomarkers in complex samples in a host geological matrix. Such detection is possible even when the laser beam was focussed through the gypsum crystals 3-9 mm thick. For exobiology areas, this is an important fact, because life and/or related biomolecules are likely to be found in cavities under the surface of partially transparent evaporitic minerals that provide them a shelter from the hostile surrounding environment. For influencing the intensity of Raman bands the thickness of covering crystals is not as important as is the actual concentration of the biomarkers. This work and similar experiments serve for better evaluation of Raman spectroscopy as a method for future planetary exploration mission adoption.

• MeSH
• Adenine analysis   MeSH
• Alanine MeSH
• Biomarkers analysis   MeSH
• Glycine analysis   MeSH
• Crystallization MeSH
• Urea analysis   MeSH
• Powders analysis   MeSH
• Spectrum Analysis, Raman instrumentation   MeSH
• Calcium Sulfate chemistry   MeSH
• Thymine analysis   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Adenine MeSH
• Alanine MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Glycine MeSH
• Urea MeSH
• Powders MeSH
• Calcium Sulfate MeSH
• Thymine MeSH

The content and the isotopic composition of lead (Pb) were studied in a peat deposit on the ridge of the Brdy Hills, in the vicinity of the Príbram metallurgical works, in the Czech Republic. Quadrupole ICP MS was employed to determine the elemental composition and (206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb isotope ratios. The individual layers were dated using alpha spectrometric measurement of the (210)Pb activity. The historical time period covered by the studied cores reached back to the 18th century. The Pb concentration in the studied profiles varied from 10 to 550 mg kg(-1). The (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio varied in the range from 1.154 to 1.194 in the individual parts of the profile. The metallurgy of the Pb ores ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.16), lithogenic Pb ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.2), metallurgical processing of automobile batteries ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.17) and the combustion of coal ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.17-1.19) yield isotopic signatures that determine the isotope compositions of the individual profiles. Deposition rates between 15 mg m(-2) year(-1) at the beginning of the 19th century and 320 mg m(-2) year(-1) in the 1980s were determined in the dated profiles. The increased deposition rates determined on the dated profiles correspond to the increasing production of Pb ores in the Príbram mining area at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The maximum for metallurgical production corresponds to the highest deposition rates recorded in 1960s and 1970s. The current deposition rate of 5-89 mg m(-2) year(-1) Pb is related to erosion of contaminated soils and waste dumps.

• MeSH
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• Mining history   MeSH
• Metallurgy history   MeSH
• Isotopes MeSH
• Soil Pollutants analysis   history   MeSH
• Environmental Monitoring MeSH
• Lead analysis   history   MeSH
• Soil MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Historical Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Isotopes MeSH
• Soil Pollutants MeSH
• Lead MeSH
• Soil MeSH

This paper summarizes the results of a comparative study focused on health care system performance in EU countries and candidate states in Central and Eastern Europe.

• MeSH
• European Union MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

PURPOSE: Intra-operative radioimmunodetection of malignant involved lymph nodes follows the pre-operative immunoscintigraphy in the treatment of patients with colorectal carcinoma. The aims of this clinical study were to determine the sensitivity of the method, to compare the results in study when using Oncoscint and CEA-Scan and to evaluate the importance of the method of surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 121 patients with colorectal tumours (106 primary and 15 recurrent) were operated on using radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS). The study compared results of pre-operative immunoscintigraphy, intra-operative radioimmunodetection and postoperative histological examination. Histological investigation used classical H&E staining. In histologically negative and RIGS positive cases the immunohistochemical investigation was supplemented. Two radiopharmaceuticals were used Oncoscint CR 103 (MAb B72.3, Satumomab Pendetide), labelled with 111In in 56 patients and CEA-Scan (IMMU 4-Fab' fragments MAb against CEA, Arcitumomab), labelled with 99mTc in 65 patients. RESULTS: The relationship between RIGS positive results and histological examination was statistically assessed after 38 operations and the most acceptable RIGS evaluating index was determined. All subsequent results were evaluated by this index. Immunoscintigraphy of tumour was positive in 112 cases (92.6%). Fifty-five RIGS positive cases of malignant infiltrated lymph nodes were confirmed by 43 histologically positive examinations (78%). In this group 9 cases were discovered only by immunohistochemistry. Sixty-six remaining RIGS negative results were confirmed in 62 (94%) cases by negative histology. CONCLUSIONS: Both immunoscintigraphy and RIGS enable one to make a more accurate diagnosis. While treating the primary disease the use of RIGS may help in assessment of necessary extent of operation performance and in staging of the disease by revealing occult lymph nodes involved. Pre-operative immunoscintigraphy seems to be a useful diagnostic method for detection of tumour recurrence. When comparing two radiopharmaceuticals used, CEA-Scan seems to be more suitable for diagnostic studies, but using the Oncoscint for tumour recurrence detection had some specific benefit, too.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The present authors have summarized their experience of assessing occupational diseases in the health-service workers from the catchment area of the Department of Occupational Diseases of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové reported in the years 1986-2000. It is of great importance that, in spite of a decrease in occupational diseases in the Czech Republic as a whole, in health service workers occupational diseases still take a prominent place. In the Region of East Bohemia health services permanently occupy the first place, followed by agriculture and metalworking industry, which alternate. A positive finding in the number of viral hepatitides B has significantly decreases. On the other hand, the number of patients suffering from scabies and, above all, allergic diseases, in which contact allergic eczemata due to hypersensitivity to latex contained in protective gloves inequivocally prevail, is on the increase. Though there is no increase in the number of patients with tuberculosis, there is an important finding that the disease affects mainly persons younger than 35 years.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Occupational Diseases epidemiology   MeSH
• Health Personnel * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

"In this article development of the incidence [of] and mortality [from] neoplasms in the Czech Republic during [the] forty year period (1951-1989) has been analyzed." The authors assess the influence of cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, and poor nutrition. Projections for the years 1995 and 2000 are included. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

• Keywords
• Alcohol Drinking *, Behavior, Causes Of Death *, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Diseases, Eastern Europe, Europe, Health, Morbidity *, Mortality *, Neoplasms--determinants *, Nutrition *, Population, Population Dynamics, Smoking *,
• MeSH
• Behavior MeSH
• Demography MeSH
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
• Smoking * MeSH
• Morbidity * MeSH
• Mortality * MeSH
• Neoplasms * MeSH
• Disease MeSH
• Alcohol Drinking * MeSH
• Population MeSH
• Population Dynamics MeSH
• Cause of Death * MeSH
• Developed Countries MeSH
• Health MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Czechoslovakia MeSH
• Europe MeSH
• Europe, Eastern MeSH

In the paper lying before the authors estimate changes of pH-values of the Calcium hydroxide (Calxyd) after contact with a zinc oxide phosphate cement (Adhesor), a polyacrylate cement (Adhesor-Carboxy) and a zinc oxide eugenol cement (Caryosan). The last shoved to be best qualified for over capping of pasty preparation with calcium hydroxide.

• MeSH
• Analysis of Variance MeSH
• Calcium Hydroxide chemistry   MeSH
• Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polycarboxylate Cement chemistry   MeSH
• Dental Pulp Capping * MeSH
• Dentin, Secondary MeSH
• Zinc Phosphate Cement chemistry   MeSH
• Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement chemistry   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Calcium Hydroxide MeSH
• Polycarboxylate Cement MeSH
• Zinc Phosphate Cement MeSH
• Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement MeSH

Czechoslovakia is contemporarily ranged between the countries with mostly unfavourable indicators of national health. The life expectancy (LE) values at birth as achieved by 1988 in men were 67.85 years and 75.42 years in women, respectively. In Czechoslovakia this indicator is averagely 4 and more years lower than that of industrially developed countries. Such a low czechoslovakian LE value is conditioned with mainly higher mortality to the ischemic heart disease, vascular brain disease as well as malignancies and traumas. In men, the mortality due to the ischemic heart disease (IHD) is accounted for the Le decrease to 3.23 years, and 2.57 years in women, respectively. Similarly, there is a LE decrease to 3.05 years in men, and to 2.54 years in women due to the malignancies. When the IHD mortality decrease may be achieved up to 30% against the status of 1985-87, it may be resulted in LE prolongation to 0.84 in men, and 0.66 in women, respectively. The similar decrease in mortality to vascular brain disease and atherosclerosis may have resulted in LE prolongation to 0.51 in men, and 0.72 years in women. The mortality decrease to cancers for 30% may have been resulted in LE prolongation for 0.84 years in men, and for 0.73 years in women, respectively. The attempt on how to prolong the LE is resulting in fast and responsible measures of primary prevention and partly in those of secondary prevention.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mortality MeSH
• Life Expectancy * MeSH
• Cause of Death MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH

Problems related to the optimization of diagnosis making are scrutinized. Applied immunological tests for diagnosis of ovarian cancers are used as an example of ROC curve calculation. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity grades are computed in order to obtain the optimum of diagnostical robustness. The ROC analysis is supplemented with application of Bayes diagnostical algorithm. The analysis is given also of other problems concerning with implementation of quantitative characteristics in the course of diagnostical decision making.

• MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Diagnosis * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ovarian Neoplasms diagnosis   MeSH
• ROC Curve MeSH
• Decision Making * MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH

The quality of treatment of dental defects with amalgam is closely associated with the preparation of the cavity and its filling as well as with completion of the filling and its finish. Strict adherence of a correct working procedure improves markedly the standard of treatment and makes it possible to make use of the positive properties of amalgam from which the filling is prepared.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Dental Cavity Preparation * MeSH
• Dentistry, Operative instrumentation   MeSH
• Dental Amalgam * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Dental Amalgam * MeSH