The results of the study Benchmarking Regional Health Management II suggest that compulsory measles immunisation is a good practice in public health management. Yet, the potential achievement of the desired health outcome alone is not a sufficient reason to make the immunisation obligatory. Rather, compulsory measles immunisation is a morally challenging measure. In this article, compulsory measles immunisation is critically evaluated from a public health ethics point of view. For this evaluation, a set of ethical criteria is proposed: respect for autonomy, health maximisation, efficiency, proportionality and social justice. The authors suggest it should not be taken for granted that compulsory measles immunisation should be championed, rather, health policy makers in the European Union should try to raise immunisation rates with non-compulsory means.

• MeSH
• benchmarking etika   metody   MeSH
• důstojnost lidského života MeSH
• efektivita organizační MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• očkovací programy etika   MeSH
• sociální spravedlnost MeSH
• spalničková vakcína aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví - praxe etika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• spalničková vakcína MeSH

In 2003, concentrations of altogether 17 PCDD/Fs congeners and 12 non-ortho and mono-ortho dioxin-like PCBs were measured in the blood of 60 randomly selected adults who lived in three settlements surrounding a chemical plant that had been producing chlorinated herbicides (mainly HCHs, HCB, pentachlorophenole, 2,4,5-T) in the 1960's; subjects consuming home-produced animal foods were chosen. Twenty blood donors with similar characteristics from the locality with about 80 km distance were used as control subjects. The factors that influenced the dioxin levels were investigated on the basis of a questionnaire. The aim of our study was to find out whether the residents living in the surroundings of the chemical plant are at a greater exposure risk than the controls. To calculate TEQ values, WHO-TEFs were used. The concentrations of four PCDD and six PCDF congeners were below the LOD in more than 50% of samples. Significantly higher WHO-TEQ levels (p<0.05) were found for PCDDs, PCDFs, or PCBs in all three followed up groups compared with controls. The geometric means of the total TEQ values for PCDD/F/PCBs were 43.8, 50.2, and 40.0 pg/g fat compared to 23.2 pg/g fat in the control. The percentages of TEQ due to the measured congeners in exposed groups were 9-10.3% for PCDDs, 20.5-26.9% for PCDFs, 19.2-23.1% for coplanar and 43.6-47.2% for mono-ortho PCBs. In control, the percentage of TEQ was 11.6, 26.7, 24.1, and 37.5%. PCBs, predominantly PCB156, followed by PCB126 contributed 60 to 70% of the total TEQ value. Positive correlation of the PCDD/PCDF/PCB blood levels with age and with consumption of locally produced eggs was found.

• MeSH
• benzofurany krev   toxicita   MeSH
• bydlení * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chemický průmysl * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí krev   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly krev   toxicita   MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty   krev   toxicita   MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzofurany MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzofurany MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzodioxiny MeSH
• polychlorované dibenzofurany MeSH

This paper presents reference frameworks which order effective and feasible policies and interventions for the health management of measles, breast cancer and diabetes (type II). These reference frameworks can be used to rapidly appraise regional health policy documents and existing health management systems. Furthermore, the reference frameworks can serve health policy makers for the planning of health management measures.

• MeSH
• benchmarking MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci * MeSH
• nádory prsu * diagnóza   MeSH
• spalničky * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: This pilot study was conducted to investigate biochemical effects of exposure to diesel engine exhaust at two mines. For this purpose, heme biosynthesis, and PP association with DNA (PP/DNA) in lymphocytes of miners exposed to diesel exhaust were determined. METHODS: The pilot study was carried out at a black coal mine in Czech Republic, and at an oil-shale mine in Estonia. The subjects were ten drivers from each mine, who were exposed to diesel exhaust (underground workers). Control groups consisted of ten maintenance workers from each mine (surface workers). The content of 1-nitropyrene (NP) in respirable dust was measured using GC-MS. The levels of PP, PP/DNA, heme, and activity of ferrochelatase (FC) were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The exposure to diesel exhaust evaluated as the level of NP associated to particulate matter in air. NP level was significantly higher in oil-shale mine compared with coal mine. The values of PP and PP/DNA in lymphocytes appeared to be significantly increased only in miners in the oil-shale mine. There was no difference in the levels of PP and PP/DNA and FC activity between surface workers and miners at the coal mine. The level of heme in lymphocytes of coal mine miners was significantly higher than in miners of the oil-shale mine. The activity of FC was significantly lower in underground workers compared to surface workers at this mine. High level of NP was accompanied by an increase of alterations in cells porphyrin metabolism in lymphocytes of miners. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations of porphyrin and heme metabolism in peripheral lymphocytes may serve as biomarker in assessment of exposure to diesel exhaust effects.

• MeSH
• DNA metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ferrochelatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• hem metabolismus   MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• inhalační expozice analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutageny metabolismus   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• pracovní expozice analýza   MeSH
• protoporfyriny metabolismus   MeSH
• pyreny metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Estonsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-nitropyrene MeSH Prohlížeč
• DNA MeSH
• ferrochelatasa MeSH
• hem MeSH
• mutageny MeSH
• prach MeSH
• protoporfyriny MeSH
• pyreny MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel MeSH