Current rates of biodiversity loss pose an unprecedented challenge to the conservation community, particularly with amphibians and freshwater fish as the most threatened vertebrates. An increasing number of environmental challenges, including habitat loss, pathogens, and global warming, demand a global response toward the sustainable management of ecosystems and their biodiversity. Conservation Breeding Programs (CBPs) are needed for the sustainable management of amphibian species threatened with extinction. CBPs support species survival while increasing public awareness and political influence. Current CBPs only cater for 10% of the almost 500 amphibian species in need. However, the use of sperm storage to increase efficiency and reliability, along with an increased number of CBPs, offer the potential to significantly reduce species loss. The establishment and refinement of techniques over the last two decades, for the collection and storage of amphibian spermatozoa, gives confidence for their use in CBPs and other biotechnical applications. Cryopreserved spermatozoa has produced breeding pairs of frogs and salamanders and the stage is set for Lifecycle Proof of Concept Programs that use cryopreserved sperm in CBPs along with repopulation, supplementation, and translocation programs. The application of cryopreserved sperm in CBPs, is complimentary to but separate from archival gene banking and general cell and tissue storage. However, where appropriate amphibian sperm banking should be integrated into other global biobanking projects, especially those for fish, and those that include the use of cryopreserved material for genomics and other research. Research over a broader range of amphibian species, and more uniformity in experimental methodology, is needed to inform both theory and application. Genomics is revolutionising our understanding of biological processes and increasingly guiding species conservation through the identification of evolutionary significant units as the conservation focus, and through revealing the intimate relationship between evolutionary history and sperm physiology that ultimately affects the amenability of sperm to refrigerated or frozen storage. In the present review we provide a nascent phylogenetic framework for integration with other research lines to further the potential of amphibian sperm banking.
- Klíčová slova
- Amphibian, Conservation breeding programs, Cryopreservation, Sperm, Storage,
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- chov MeSH
- fragmentace DNA MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kryoprezervace veterinární MeSH
- obojživelníci * MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- odběr spermií veterinární MeSH
- rozmnožování MeSH
- uchování spermatu metody veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: High-throughput studies provide a wide spectrum of genes for use as predictive markers during testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in combination with ICSI. In this work, we used the specimens from testicular biopsies of men with non-obstructive azoospermia who underwent TESE to investigate the expression of spermatogenesis-related genes MND1, SPATA22, GAPDHS and ACR. METHODS: Testicular biopsy specimens were subdivided into three groups: hypospermatogenesis (HS); maturation arrest (MA); and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCO). The levels of expression of the spermatogenesis-related genes MND1, SPATA22, GAPDHS and ACR in the testes were compared among these three groups using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. RESULTS: Analysis of the expression of spermatogenic genes in human testes with abnormal spermatogenesis showed different expression patterns in patients from different groups. Fertilization rate for studied set of patients was 66% and pregnancy rate 29%. For HS group fertilization rate was 72% and pregnancy rate 32%, while for MA group fertilization and pregnancy rates were 54% and 26%, respectively. Fertilization rates in relation to the studied genes were uniformly around 70%, pregnancy rates for ACR and GAPDHS genes were surprisingly low at 6% and 8% correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis can be a fast additional test for the level of spermatogenesis in testicular samples.
- MeSH
- akrosin genetika MeSH
- azoospermie genetika patologie MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilizace MeSH
- glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasy genetika MeSH
- intracytoplazmatické injekce spermie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci varlat genetika patologie MeSH
- odběr spermií MeSH
- oligospermie genetika patologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu genetika MeSH
- Sertoli cell only syndrom genetika patologie MeSH
- spermatogeneze genetika MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- testis metabolismus patologie MeSH
- úhrn těhotenství na počet žen v reprodukčním věku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- akrosin MeSH
- glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasy MeSH
- MND1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- proteiny buněčného cyklu MeSH
- SPATA22 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is an important factor in male infertility because it may impair the physiological function of spermatozoa at the molecular level. Nevertheless, although several approaches have been reported, the imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of the antioxidant defense system in semen is difficult to investigate and remains poorly understood. METHODS: This study compares measurement of ROS production in neat semen and in washed spermatozoa obtained from the same ejaculate, and suspended in phosphate buffered saline using exactly the same luminol-mediated chemiluminescence method. Ninety one samples were obtained from males of infertile couples and 34 from volunteers with proven fertility. RESULTS: As expected, ROS levels were markedly lower in neat semen than in washed spermatozoa suspensions where seminal plasma with its potent antioxidant capacity was removed. In the cases of both neat semen and washed spermatozoa, ROS production was lowest in samples from normozoospermic males and highest in samples containing more than half million peroxidase-positive leukocytes per milliliter. For all samples, there was a significant positive correlation between ROS production by neat semen and that by washed spermatozoa suspension. CONCLUSION: Measurement of ROS production in neat semen better reflects actual oxidative status because it detects only the overproduction of ROS which are not effectively scavenged by antioxidant capacity of seminal fluid. The results of our study show a good commutability of both measurements for identification of semen samples with high ROS production. The measurement in neat semen is even less time consuming and therefore easier to implement into laboratory routine.
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu MeSH
- chlorid sodný farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr spermií MeSH
- pomocné látky farmakologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku analýza metabolismus MeSH
- sperma chemie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- uchování spermatu metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chlorid sodný MeSH
- pomocné látky MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
Authors evaluated the experience of application MESA, TESE and ICSI techniques during 9 years long cooperation between Department of Urology University Hospital Brno and Institulions of reproductive Medicine University Hospital Brno. 104 surgical procedures were performed during this time period and as result 24 children were born.
