Epidural analgesia (EPA) is the most effective method of intrapartum pain relief and is considered to be very safe. Recently, it has been used in up to 34% of parturients with EPA and is also associated with maternal temperature elevations during labor. The mechanism of this epidural-associated fever remains incompletely understood. The most likely etiology seems to be non-infectious inflammation caused by an epidural catheter. However, some authors deny this association. They theorize it is caused by selection bias only, as EPA is more often required by women with more painful and prolonged or more complicated labor, where temperature elevation is due to other causes. They point out that in some studies, fever was correlated to EPA only with concurrent placental inflammation. Maternal fever, despite the cause, either infectious or non-infectious origin, carries important clinical and public health implications. Further research that evaluates maternal epidural status and its influence on maternal or neonatal fever could improve sepsis evaluation and lead to worldwide decrease of unnecessary antibio-tic exposure.

• Klíčová slova
• epidural analgesia, epidural fever, thermoregulation,
• MeSH
• epidurální analgezie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• horečka etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• placenta MeSH
• porod MeSH
• porodní děj * MeSH
• porodnická analgezie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) often occurs in young women and the effect of obstetric anesthesia/analgesia on the disease is poorly understood. No previous study has investigated the course of the disease in women in labor in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence or absence of relapses in the 6-month postpartum period in MS parturients with and without obstetric anesthesia/analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied all deliveries (n = 58,455) at the University Hospital Brno from 2004 to 2013 and identified those of the women with an ICD-10 code G35 (MS) recorded anytime in their medical history (n = 428). We included only deliveries of women with confirmed diagnosis at the time of labor (n = 70). Statistical analysis was performed using the Fischer Exact Test. RESULTS: There were 70 deliveries of 65 women, including 45 vaginal deliveries and 25 Cesarean deliveries (16 under general anesthesia, 8 with epidural anesthesia and 1 with spinal anesthesia). Epidural obstetric analgesia was performed in 11 deliveries. There was no statistically significant difference in relapses between the vaginal delivery group (n = 15; 33%) and Cesarean section group (n = 10; 40%), p = 0.611. CONCLUSION: Neither delivery mode (vaginal vs Caesarean) nor type of obstetric anesthesia/analgesia was found to have any impact on the course of MS at 6 months postpartum in women with this condition.

• Klíčová slova
• cesarean section, labor, multiple sclerosis, obstetric anesthesia, pregnancy, relapse,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poporodní období MeSH
• porodnická analgezie metody   MeSH
• porodnická anestezie metody   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza epidemiologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this international survey was to describe the current practices and techniques of labor analgesia in the Czech Republic (CZE) and Slovakia (SVK). METHODS: All Czech and Slovak departments that provide obstetric anesthesia were invited to participate in a one-month (November 2015) prospective study that monitored in detail all peripartum anesthetic procedures delivered by anesthesiologists. Participating centers recorded all data on-line in the CLADE-IS database (Masaryk University, CZE). RESULTS: The response rate was 71% (70 of 95 departments in CZE, 35 of 54 centers in SVK). Participating centers represented 87.7% of all births in CZE and 66.4% of all births in SVK during the study period. Analgesia for labor, administered by anesthesiologists, was recorded in 12.5% of deliveries (CZE 12.1%, SVK 13.4%). Epidural analgesia was used in most of the cases (CZE 97.2%, SVK 99.1%) whereas spinal (CZE 1.4%, SVK 0.9%) or combined spinal-epidural (CZE 0.5%, SVK 0.0%) and intravenous remifentanil analgesia (CZE 2.4%, SVK 0.0%) were used infrequently. One fifth of the labors with analgesia administered by anesthesiologists (CZE 20.2%, SVK 20.5%) terminated in cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: Although labor analgesia was available in all Czech and Slovak obstetric centers, only a small proportion of parturients received an effective method of labor pain relief (regional or intravenous analgesia).

• Klíčová slova
• Analgesia, Epidural, Labor, National, Survey,
• MeSH
• epidurální analgezie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• porodnická analgezie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although epidural analgesia is still regarded as the gold standard for labour analgesia due to its efficacy, in cases of contraindication, systemic remifentanil is an alternative. Since the first demonstration of the safety of remifentanil in obstetric analgesia in 1996, this has been repeatedly confirmed for both mother and newborn. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate recently published studies (up to December 2014) on the analgesic efficacy of remifentanil during labour (as a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) decrease in the first hour by 2 or more). METHODS: Search of the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (www.pubmed.gov), SCOPUS database (www.scopus.com) and Web of Science database (www.webofknowledge.com) using the key words "labour" and "remifentanil". 44 identified articles were included in the review and 15 published randomised controlled studies were incorporated into the meta-analysis. This was based on the fixed model and described by differences in the VAS between t=0 and t=1 hour after remifentanil administration using the 95% confidence interval (CI). The analysis was computed using the Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2.2.064. RESULTS: The combined data from the meta-analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in VAS in the remifentanil group. From a comparison of the CIs of summary estimates with a cut-off decrease of VAS 2, for the fixed model, there was a statistically significantly greater decrease in VAS than the cut-off. In the systematic review, we describe possible modes of application, dosage and side-effects for mother, fetus/ newborn. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis presented here confirms that remifentanil for labour analgesia is effective but questions remain which can only be answered by further randomized trials.

• Klíčová slova
• labour analgesia, meta-analysis, patient-controlled analgesia, remifentanil, systemic opioid analgesia,
• MeSH
• epidemiologické metody MeSH
• epidurální analgezie metody   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• infuzní pumpy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• opioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pacientem kontrolovaná analgezie metody   MeSH
• piperidiny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• porodní bolesti farmakoterapie   MeSH
• porodnická analgezie metody   MeSH
• remifentanil MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• opioidní analgetika MeSH
• piperidiny MeSH
• remifentanil MeSH

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this national survey was to determine current anesthesia practices for cesarean delivery in the Czech Republic. METHODS: In November 2011, we invited all departments of obstetric anesthesia in the Czech Republic to participate in a prospective study to monitor consecutive peripartum obstetric anesthesia procedures. Data were recorded online in the TrialDB database (Yale University, New Haven, CT). RESULTS: The response rate was 51% (49 of 97 departments); participating centers represented 60% of all births in the country during the study period. There were 1943 cases of peripartum anesthesia care, of which 1166 cases (60%) were anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Estimates were weighted based on population distribution of cesarean delivery among types of participating centers. Neuraxial anesthesia was used in 55.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.8%-58.5%); the distribution of anesthesia techniques differed among type of participating center. The rate of neuraxial anesthesia in university hospitals was 55.6% (95% CI, 51.5%-59.6%), 32.4% (95% CI, 26.4%-39.0%) in regional hospitals, and 60.7% (95% CI, 55.2%-66.0%) in local hospitals. The reasons for cesarean delivery under general anesthesia were emergency procedure (67%), refusal of neuraxial blockade by parturient (30%), failure of neuraxial anesthesia (6%), and preoperative administration of low-molecular-weight heparin (3%). Postcesarean analgesia was primarily provided by systemic opioid (66%) and nonopioid analgesics (61%), solely or in combination. Epidural postoperative analgesia was used in 14% of cases. Compared with national neuraxial anesthesia rate data published in the 1990s (6.7% in 1993), there has been an upward trend in the use of neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery during the 21st century (40.5% in 2000) in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of neuraxial anesthesia use for cesarean delivery has increased in the Czech Republic in the last 2 decades. However, the current rate of general anesthesia is high compared with other Western countries.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• celková anestezie trendy   MeSH
• centra s nižším počtem specializovaných operací trendy   MeSH
• císařský řez škodlivé účinky   trendy   MeSH
• elektivní chirurgické výkony MeSH
• epidurální analgezie trendy   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlé příhody MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní trendy   MeSH
• pooperační bolest prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• porodnická analgezie trendy   MeSH
• porodnická anestezie škodlivé účinky   trendy   MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• specializovaná centra se zvyšujícím se počtem výkonů a tím zvyšující se kvalitou léčby trendy   MeSH
• spinální anestezie trendy   MeSH
• svodná anestezie škodlivé účinky   trendy   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy places significant demands on the cardiovascular system leading to measurable changes in the macrocirculation and potentially the microcirculation. During labour, both uterine contractions and labour pain can further impact cardiovascular status. The objective of this observational study was to compare sublingual microcirculation in labouring parturients before and after epidural analgesia. METHODS: Healthy pregnant, labouring women requesting epidural analgesia were approached to participate. Participants with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, smoking or caffeine intake were excluded. The sidestream dark field device was applied to the sublingual mucosa obtaining images of at least 20 seconds in 5 visual fields before and after epidural analgesia. Video clips were analyzed randomly and blindly. The primary outcome was mean microvascular flow index (MFI). RESULTS: Twelve participants completed this study. The results demonstrate no statistically significant difference in the MFI during labour pain (2.9±0.1) compared to after epidural analgesia (3.0±0.04, p = 0.31). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in any secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that epidural analgesia may not impact sublingual microcirculation in labouring women. This agrees with literature supporting epidural analgesia as a safe, appropriate method of pain relief during labour with limited impact on peripheral macro or microcirculation.

• Klíčová slova
• Microcirculation, epidural, sidestream dark field imaging,
• MeSH
• diagnostické zobrazování metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrocirkulace MeSH
• porodní bolesti farmakoterapie   MeSH
• porodnická analgezie metody   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

GOAL OF THE STUDY: The aim of national survey was to describe current practice for analgesia during labour provided by anaesthesiologists in the Czech Republic (CZE). TYPE OF THE STUDY: National prospective observational. SETTING: 49 obstetric departments in CZE. METHODS: We aimed to enrol all 97 obstetric departments in CZE and to monitor every case of anaesthetic care in peripartum period during November 2011. Data were recorded to Case Report Form with two parts (Demography 2010 and Case Report) into TrialDB database (Yale University, USA; adapted IBA, MU, CZE). Demographic data for CZE were obtained on request by ÚZIS. The data were analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: We enrolled 1943 cases of anaesthesiological care and 579 (29.8%) of them was to relief labour pain. Population and center weighted estimate of incidence of epidural labour analgesia was 12.5% (95% CI: 10.6% - 14.4%). Epidural analgesia was the most frequently applied via Tuohy needle G18 (97.8%), with administration of an epidural catheter G20 (95.7%), via medial approach (98.8%), in lateral position (76.7%) by the loss of resistance method (94.3%). All administrations of epidural analgesia were started by initial bolus, only in 28.2% of cases were followed continously. Always has been applied mixture of local anaesthetic with sufentanil at a dose of 3-10 mcg. Bupivacaine was most frequently used local anaesthetic (80.7%), followed by levobupivacaine (12.6%). Median concentrations both bupivacaine and levobupivacaine were 0.125% (min. 0.1%, max. 0.3%).The most common complication of epidural analgesia was repeated puncture (21.2%), blood in the catheter (1.4%), blood in the needle (1.2%), unintended puncture of the dura mater (0.7%) and transient paresthesias (0.5%). CONCLUSION: In comparison to previously published data there was trend for lower incidence of epidural analgesia for labour in the CZE.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic., epidural analgesia, labour analgesia, national survey,
• MeSH
• anestetika lokální aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• bupivakain aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• epidurální analgezie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• levobupivakain MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• porodní děj * MeSH
• porodnická analgezie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• programy národního zdraví MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sufentanil aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anestetika lokální MeSH
• bupivakain MeSH
• levobupivakain MeSH
• sufentanil MeSH

SETTING: Department of Obsterics and Gynecology 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague. OBJECTIVE: Predicting both the course of childbirth and the intensity of pain felt during childbirth is difficult, especially with first-time mothers. Some women tolerate birthing pains well, others require effective pain relief. Sometimes simple methods are enough, such as the presence of a partner, a relaxing atmosphere, massages, or walking, while other times the services of a birthing assistant or physician or even an anaesthesiologist are required. Choosing the right approach or methods should always be dependent on the actual situation and the individual choices and preferences of the mother. In line with this, the INKA Program was initiated in the Czech Republic in 2013. The name is an acronym derived from the Czech words for informed (as in the expectant mother), choice (of services), quality (of services offered) and analysis (of the system of care offered). The aim of this program is to distribute information about current possibilities for decreasing the pain of childbirth to the widest possible population of expectant mothers. The information must be objective and clearly explain the benefits and risks of each analgesic method, and must not encourage or discourage any particular method. As part of this program, a brochure titled "Birth doesnt have to be that painful" was distributed at the end of 2013, to inform the lay public about all available methods of analgesia for childbirth in the Czech Republic. The contents of the brochure were approved by the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society and the Czech Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. The INKA program encourages the personnel of birthing centres to arrange the most individual approaches possible for the needs of each expectant mother. Even women that originally had negative attitudes toward obstetric analgesics should have the opportunity for adequate and effective help at any time, if the birth does not proceed according to their original expectations.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• porodnická analgezie metody   MeSH
• rozvoj plánování * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vedení porodu metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The aim of this study was to ascertain the current status of analgesia and anesthesia used during childbirth in the Czech Republic. Using data from questionnaires, an overview of individual labor-related anesthetic procedures and methods and frequency of their use was obtained. A positive trend in the increase of neuroaxial methods used in maternity wards over the last twenty years has been the result of a systematic program of interdisciplinary post-gradual education for doctors and birth attendants in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• porodnická analgezie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• porodnická anestezie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• porodnictví výchova   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• studium lékařství specializační postgraduální MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Comparison between particular methods of obstetrics analgesia, their analgetic efects and influence on progress of delivery and postpartum adaptation of fetus. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Prospective study. SETTING: The Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Teaching Hospital and the 2nd Medical Faculty of the Charles University in Prague. METHODS: A prospective study of 644 patients who received intravenous increments of nalbuphine (196 women) or epidural analgesia (217 women) or pethidin (231 women). Assessment of maternal analgesia, satisfaction was carried out. Apgar scores and resuscitative measures required for the neonate were noted at delivery. RESULTS: The best analgetic effect was in the group with using peridural analgesia, where max. score was 3. The highest value was in the group of women who received pethidin. The most decrease of score after aplication of analgesia was in group with epidural analgesia, the least decrease of score was in group with pethidin. The Apgar score at 1. minute was the lowest in the group with epidural analgesia, the highest score was in the group with nalbuphine. CONCLUSION: The mixed agonist/antagonist narcotic analgesic like nalbuphine have the place in clinical practice. The obstetric analgesia is very common in obstetrics practice. The epidural analgesia is very popular but not everytimes accessible. Nalbuphine is the option who is analgetic effective and have minimal side-effect.

• MeSH
• Apgar skóre MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epidurální analgezie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meperidin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nalbufin * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• opioidní analgetika * MeSH
• plod MeSH
• porodnická analgezie * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• meperidin MeSH
• nalbufin * MeSH
• opioidní analgetika * MeSH