PURPOSE: To assess the intraday repeatability of macular architecture measurements in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate the independence from intraindividual intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations. METHODS: In this single-center, time-point comparison study, 88 eyes with glaucoma, 53 eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT), and 253 healthy eyes underwent two standardized SD-OCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements on the same day with a 5-h time gap. Bland-Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and random-effects model were used to analyze repeatability of entire retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer measurements. RESULTS: Intraday measurements were highly reproducible in all 3 groups. ICC were greater than 0.90, respectively. The pairwise comparisons of morphometric parameters showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001, respectively) between groups (glaucoma vs. control, glaucoma vs. OHT) and a significant influence of time points. No correlation was found between IOP fluctuations and morphometric parameters (P > 0.05, respectively), except for a weak positive correlation with GCL (rho = 0.109, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of macular morphometric parameters of SD-OCT showed a high intraday repeatability and an excellent degree of agreement in glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and healthy groups. The fixed effects of time points were statistically significant. Except for a weak positive correlation of ganglion cell layer, variability did not appear to be affected by intraday IOP changes. Additional research is required to fully understand the impact of IOP fluctuations on macular morphometric parameters, considering the small observed IOP changes.

• Klíčová slova
• Glaucoma progression analysis, Posterior pole analysis, Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glaukom * diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• macula lutea * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nervová vlákna * patologie   MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * fyziologie   MeSH
• oční hypertenze diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie * metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• retinální gangliové buňky * patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tonometrie oční MeSH
• zraková pole fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

PURPOSE: The common protocol of full-field stimulus threshold (FST) testing recommends pupil dilation. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between FST measurements with dilated and nondilated pupils in healthy subjects and patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects and 20 RP patients were selected. One pupil of each subject was dilated; the other eye was measured in physiological width of the pupil. The FST was conducted using Diagnosys Espion E2/E3 with white, blue, and red stimuli. Statistical analysis was conducted with a mixed-model analysis of variance and a paired t-test. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between measurements of dilated and nondilated pupils with the following: blue stimuli for all subjects and groups except those with highly progressed RP; white stimuli for all tested subjects in total, for RP patients with better-preserved visual field (VF), and rod-mediated FST response; and red stimuli for RP patients with better-preserved VF and rod-mediated FST response. On average, the difference between the FST values for RP patients were -3.2 ± 3 dB for blue, -2.3 ± 2.9 dB for white, and -0.83 ± 3 dB for red stimuli. The correlation between the FST values of dilated and nondilated pupils with all three stimuli was linear. CONCLUSIONS: Current recommendations are to perform FST with dilated pupils. However, based on this study's findings, pupil dilation can be omitted for clinical diagnostics or rough follow-ups. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Our data provide useful information for the clinical use of FST.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pupila * MeSH
• retinopathia pigmentosa * diagnóza   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Intracranial aneurysms and their hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications represent a serious nosological unit that significantly endangers those afflicted. They are mostly asymptomatic until rupture occurs. In two case reports, we present our observations of young patients with impaired vision and headaches, in whom we found the presence of intracranial aneurysms. OBSERVATIONS: Presentation of two case reports of patients who came to our department with impaired vision and headaches. The patients underwent a complete eye examination at our center, including a visual field examination. Based on the results of the examination, they were referred for an imaging examination of the brain, which revealed the presence of intracranial aneurysms. The patients were subsequently sent to the interventional neuroradiology center, where they underwent a noninvasive endovascular neuroembolization procedure with flow diverter implantation. We continued to monitor the patients after the procedure and document the examination results up to 1 year after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Thanks to the fast detection, diagnosis, and management of both patients, we prevented the occurrence of aneurysm rupture, thus a life-threatening complication. After endovascular procedures with flow diverter implantation, we observed a significant improvement in visual acuity as well as perimetric findings in both patients. When intracranial aneurysms are found within a week of the onset of eye symptoms and treated within three months, defects in the visual fields improved in our two patients within 6-12 months, and in one of the two patients the defects almost completely disappeared.

• Klíčová slova
• intracranial aneurysm, impaired vision, perimetry, headache, embolization, flow diverter, endovascular,
• MeSH
• bolesti hlavy komplikace   MeSH
• intrakraniální aneurysma * komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy zraku etiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• stenty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine possible changes in the conventionally undiagnosed nasal visual field in patients diagnosed with early primary open angle glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examination of the far nasal part of the visual field was performed in 30 patients (60 eyes) with early stage of primary open angle glaucoma (preperimetric stage of changes). The cohort consisted of 16 women (mean age 46.5 years) and 14 men (mean age 44.7 years). In all eyes, the glaucoma program (rapid threshold program of 50 degrees nasally and 22 degrees temporally) was performed with the Medmont M700 instrument to determine the physiological visual field. Visual acuity was 1.0 with a possible correction less than or equal to ±3 diopters and they had no other ocular defect except glaucoma disease. The visual field was subsequently examined with the same instrument by moving the fixation point 40 degrees temporally (spatially adaptive program) and simultaneously turning the head 10 degrees nasally. A total of 89 examination points were included using flicker stimuli and a range of 0-120 degrees nasally. RESULTS: The far nasal limit of the visual field reached 100° in 13.33% of eyes, 105° in 20% of eyes and up to 110° in 66.67% of eyes. CONCLUSION: In all eyes, depression of the distal periphery of the nasal part of the visual field was found to range from 50 to 95 degrees, with a normal visual field examined by the glaucoma program.

• Klíčová slova
• early diagnosis of glaucoma, early diagnosis of glaucoma, far nasal visual field, primary open angle glaucoma,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glaukom s otevřeným úhlem * diagnóza   MeSH
• glaukom * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• testy zrakového pole MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine the limits of the far nasal part of the visual field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Visual field examination was performed in 15 healthy subjects (30 eyes), specifically nine women aged 20-43 years and six men aged 22-35 years. All eyes were found to have physiological ocular findings and visual acuity of 1.0 with correction less than or equal to 3 diopters. The visual field was examined with a Medmont M700 instrument by shifting the fixation point 40 degrees temporally and simultaneously turning the head nasally, with a spatial accommodation program. A total of 89 examination points were included using flicker stimuli. RESULTS: The far nasal limit of the visual field reached 100° in 13.3% of eyes, 105° in 20% of eyes and up to 110° in 66.7% of eyes. CONCLUSION: The limit of the far nasal part of the field of vision reached 100-110 degrees (when nose shielding was eliminated).

• Klíčová slova
• visual field, enhanced perimetry, nasal range of visual field, perimetry, visual field,
• MeSH
• akomodace oka MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• testy zrakového pole * MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• zraková pole * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive glaucoma (HTG) causes damage to the retinal ganglion cells and eventually to the entire visual pathway due to high intraocular pressure (IOP). However, increased IOP will also affect the vessel density (VD) of the posterior pole of the eye and the related retinal ganglion nerve fibres (RNFL). In normotensive glaucoma (NTG), the retinal ganglion cells are relatively intact. The pathology is at the level of ganglion fibres. The unanswered question is what has altered ganglion cell fibres at the level of the retina and optic nerve head in NTG? AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and vessel density (VD) at the same altitudinal half of the retina and the sum of sensitivities of the contralateral half of the visual field of the same eye in hypertensive and normotensive glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Our group included 20 patients with HTG and 20 patients with NTG. The Pearson's correlation coefficient r was used for evaluation of the relationship of the peripapillary RNFL and VD, visual field (using the fast threshold glaucoma program) as the sum of sensitivities in apostilbs (asb) to the extent of 0-22 degrees. The results of sensitivity were compared with the RNFL and VD of the contralateral altitudinal half of the retina in the same eye. RESULTS: In the HTG group there was a moderate relationship between RNFL and VD (both hemifields), but no relationship between RNFL and VF. VD SH and VF IH showed weak correlation and VD IH and VF SH showed no correlation. In patients with NTG, we found a strong correlation between RNFL and VD (both hemifields), between VD SH and VF IH a moderate correlation, between VD IH and VF SH also a moderate correlation and a weak correlation between RNFL and VF. CONCLUSION: By comparing the RNFL and VD at the same altitudinal halves of the retina, we found a moderate correlation in HTG and a strong correlation in NTG. We found no or a weak correlation between VD and VF in HTG. In NTG the relationship between VD and VF showed a strong correlation. These findings reveal the differences in the diagnostic groups.

• Klíčová slova
• hypertensive glaucoma, normotensive glaucoma, optical coherence tomography angiography, retinal nerve fibre layer, vessel density, visual field,
• MeSH
• angiografie MeSH
• glaukom s otevřeným úhlem * MeSH
• glaukom * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: To compare the results of short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) in diabetic patients without retinopathy and healthy subjects and show if it is possible to detect an abnormal function of the retina in diabetic patients before vascular changes on the retina develop. Further, the effect of diabetes duration and long-term glycaemic control on the visual field was examined. METHODS: The study group included 22 patients with diabetes type 1 or 2, without any signs of retinopathy. The control group consisted of 21 healthy subjects. Short-wavelength automated perimetry was performed on the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA 860, Carl Zeiss Meditec), SITA SWAP, 24-2 test. In diabetic patients, the duration of diabetes and the level of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) was registered. The visual field indices MD (mean deviation) and PSD (pattern standard deviation) were compared between both groups by the Mann-Whitney test. The correlation between the visual field indices, HbA1c and duration of diabetes was assessed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean value of MD in the study and control group was -3.64±3.66 dB and -1.48±2.12 dB respectively, the values in the study group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Mean PSD in the study group was 2.92±1.04 dB and 2.23±0.33 dB in the control group, again the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Patients in the study group suffered from diabetes for 17±9.4 years in average. The mean value of HbA1c in the study group was 60.64±16.63 mmol/mol. A significant correlation was found only for PSD and HbA1c (p > 0.05). The duration of diabetes had no effect on either of the visual field indices. CONCLUSION: Short-wavelength sensitivity of retina seems to be affected in diabetic patients without clinically significant retinopathy suggesting a neuroretinal impairment at early stages of the retinopathy. We found no association between the visual field and the control or duration of diabetes.

• Klíčová slova
• Diabetic retinopathy, SWAP, blue-on-yellow perimetry, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, glycohemoglobin,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci retiny * MeSH
• poruchy zraku MeSH
• testy zrakového pole MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This work presents a quick clinical protocol for dark-adapted chromatic (DAC) perimetry as well as a novel clinical tool, scotopic chromatic pupil campimetry (CPC). The goal of the study was to explore the applicability of these methods in a clinical setting, their test-retest repeatability, and the congruence of the results. Local rod sensitivity was assessed at 36 locations within 30° eccentricity of the visual field in 15 healthy subjects (mean age 43 ± 16 years; 7 females and 8 males) with DAC perimetry (red and cyan stimuli) and CPC 2 times in repeated measurements. The duration of individual measurements was 370 ± 5 s for CPC and 366 ± 62 s for DAC perimetry. The intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient was 0.53 for DAC perimetry cyan stimuli, 0.67 for red stimuli, and 0.93 for CPC. However, the spatial resolution of CPC was substantially smaller than in DAC perimetry. We did not find a correlation of DAC perimetry and CPC measurements on the global or the local level. In comparison to DAC perimetry, CPC shows a superior intervisit repeatability in detecting functional changes in the rod population in an objective way with lower spatial resolution. Our results also indicate that these 2 methods measure the rod function in different ways and could thus constitute complementary scotopic functional diagnostics.

• Klíčová slova
• Chromatic pupil campimetry, Dark-adapted chromatic perimetry, Hereditary retinal diseases, Retina function, Rod function,
• MeSH
• adaptace na tmu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• klinické protokoly MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• testy zrakového pole * MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• zraková pole * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the progression of changes in the visual fields in patients with hypertensive glaucoma (HTG) and normotensive glaucoma (NTG) following administration of prostaglandins and beta blockers, as well as also in NTG without ophthalmological therapy. Methodos. The HTG group included 12 patients (mean age 66 years) with approximately the same changes in the visual field and central corneal thickness (CCT-568um) treated with prostaglandins, and 12 patients (mean age 60 years, CCT=544um) treated with beta-blockers. The IOP ranged from 12 to 18mmHg for the whole follow-up period. The NTG group consisted of three subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of 14 patients (mean age 58 years) who were treated with prostaglandins. The second subgroup consisted of 10 patients (mean age 57 years) who were treated with beta blockers. The third subgroup consisted of 18 patients (mean age 57 years) who underwent no ophthalmological therapy. IOP was within the range of 8-12 mmHg over the whole follow-up period. In all patients, we monitored the pattern defect (PD) and overall defect (OD) within a period of five years. The treatment was not modified during the treatment period. All patients were compensated for cardiovascular status and had no other internal or neurological disease. Visual acuity was 1.0 with a possible correction (less than 3 dioptres) in all patients. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in HTG during the treatment with prostaglandins in PD (P=0.35) and OD (P=0.09) or beta blockers (P=0.37 and 0.23, respectively). In NTG, the greatest changes occurred in PD (P=0.0001) in untreated patients. OD showed no statistically significant changes (P=0.25). Similarly, the patients on prostaglandins had a statistically significant difference in PD (P=0.04), while OD did not show statistically significant changes (P=0.4). We did not find statistically significant differences in progression in patients with NTG treated with beta blockers PD (P=0.7), OD (P=0.4). CONCLUSION: Treatment of glaucoma with prostaglandins and beta blockers has a significant importance in HTG. However, beta blockers have a higher protective effect on the visual field. This is not true in NTG, where we demonstrated this effect only following the administration of beta blockers.

• Klíčová slova
• beta-blockers, hypertensive glaucoma, normotensive glaucoma, prostaglandins, protection, visual field,
• MeSH
• beta blokátory MeSH
• glaukom * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• prostaglandiny * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta blokátory MeSH
• prostaglandiny * MeSH

AIMS: The aim of the work is to verify the necessity of full-field perimetry test in incipient glaucoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included group of 16 incipient hypertension glaucoma (HTG group) patients without obvious changes in visual field and control group of 10 patients with normal ocular findings and value 1.0 of visual acuity. In both groups, full-field perimetry test was performed followed by a glaucoma perimetry test (rapid threshold strategy in both cases). Evaluated parameters were pattern defect (PD) and overall defect (OD) using Pearsons correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Strong correlation coefficient between PD (r = 0.74) and OD (r = 0.63) of both perimetry test were found in HTG group. Moderate correlation of PD (r = 0.54) and strong correlation of OD (r = 0.64) in control group. CONCLUSION: Results of the study shows, that expected changes of peripheral visual field will be recorded first in HTG group, but opposite is true. Perimetry glaucoma test is for incipient glaucoma sufficient to document the course and the examination of glaucoma disease.

• Klíčová slova
• brimonidin, hypertension glaucoma, overall defekt, pattern defect, perimetry test,
• MeSH
• glaukom * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• hypertenze * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• oční hypertenze * MeSH
• testy zrakového pole MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH