OBJECTIVE: The evidence for liquid meal replacements in diabetes has not been summarized. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence of the effect of liquid meal replacements on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through 10 December 2018. We included randomized trials of ≥2 weeks assessing the effect of liquid meal replacements in weight loss diets compared with traditional weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method. The overall certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). RESULTS: Nine trial comparisons (N = 961 [median follow-up 24 weeks]) met eligibility criteria. Mean differences were for body weight -2.37 kg (95% CI -3.30 to -1.44), BMI -0.87 kg/m2 (-1.31 to -0.42), body fat -1.66% (-2.17 to -1.15), waist circumference -2.24 cm (-3.72 to -0.77), HbA1c -0.43% (-0.66 to -0.19) (-4.7 mmol/mol [-7.2 to -2.1]), fasting glucose -0.63 mmol/L (-0.99 to -0.27), fasting insulin -11.83 pmol/L (-23.11 to -0.54), systolic blood pressure -4.97mmHg (-7.32 to -2.62), and diastolic blood pressure -1.98 mmHg (-3.05 to -0.91). There was no effect on blood lipids. The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency. CONCLUSIONS: Liquid meal replacements in weight loss diets lead to modest reductions in body weight, BMI, and systolic blood pressure, and reductions of marginal clinical significance in body fat, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and diastolic blood pressure. More high-quality trials are needed to improve the certainty in our estimates.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• diabetické angiopatie epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• jídla * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha komplikace   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita komplikace   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy fyziologie   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• redukční dieta * škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inzulin MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine body-image dissatisfaction in adolescents aged 13-15 years reporting to be on a diet and to assess gender and age differences in weight-reduction behaviour in Slovak adolescents. METHODS: Data on a representative sample of 2,765 adolescents (mean age 14.37 years) from the Slovak part of Health Behaviour in School Aged Children Study carried out in 2014 were analysed. Self-reported body-image dissatisfaction and engagement in weight-reduction behaviour of 13 to 15-year-old adolescents was assessed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: More that 20% of boys and 35% of girls perceived themselves to be too fat. Girls reported being on a diet more frequently than boys (28.8% vs. 14.9%). The most frequent weight-reduction behaviours were drinking more water (67.7%), eating more fruits and vegetables (67.1%), and consuming fewer sweets (60.5%) and soft drinks (51.7%). Girls prevailed above boys in the use of these dietary methods. Age differences were not apparent, except for smoking, believed to help in weight reduction and used upmost by 15-year-olds (8.9%) followed by 14 and 13-year-olds, 6.0% and 4.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Body-image dissatisfaction and weight-control behaviour are issues particularly in girls, however, they did not necessarily correspond with actual obesity. The most commonly used weight-reduction behaviours are in the same way important aspects of a healthy lifestyle. There is room to improve obesity control, particularly within primary health care.

• Klíčová slova
• adolescence, body image, diet, health, weight-control behaviour,
• MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• osobní uspokojení * MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle psychologie   MeSH
• redukční dieta psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH