Two morphologically similar, but phylogenetically unrelated Eimeria species from ancient mammals, African Tree Pangolin Phataginus tricuspis and Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica (Pholidota: Manidae), from two distant biogeographic realms (Afrotropical and Oriental), are characterized and compared morphologically and molecularly. Phylogenetic analyses produced an unstable topology. However, while precise position of the two Eimeria species from pangolins could not be firmly established due to the lack of related taxa, it is evident that they are not closely related and do not fall into any of the so far recognized eimerian lineages. Moreover, an eimerian found in P. tricuspis is described as a new species Eimeria nkaka n. sp., based on morphology of oocysts, endogenous developmental stages and sequence data.
- Klíčová slova
- 18S rDNA., COI, ORF, SEM, endogenous development, phylogeny,
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- Eimeria klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- oocysty klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- savci klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
- Asie MeSH
Eimeria dorcadis Mantovani, 1966 is redescribed from dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas (L.)) from Saudi Arabia. Oocysts were detected in 7 out of 22 faecal samples (32%) using floatation method. The sporulated oocysts are cylindrical, slightly flattened at the micropylar pole, measure in average 32 x 19 microm (27-36 x 16-24 microm), length/width ratio being 1.7 (1.5-2.1). Oocyst wall is 1.2 microm thick, smooth, double-layered; outer layer is slightly thicker, light blue in colour; inner layer brownish, with micropyle in the inner layer and apparently continual outer one, measures 2.2 microm, but lacks a micropylar cap. The sporocyst elongate-ellipsoidal, measures 14 x 8 microm (12-17 x 6-9 microm), length/width ratio being 1.8, with sporocyst residuum as circular compact, coarse, refractile granules. Stieda body is present, while substieda body is absent. Sporozoites banana-shaped, measure 11 x 2.5 microm, each with a large spheroidal refractile body at the wider pole. Sporulation time is 2-3 days at 25 +/- 2 degrees C.
- MeSH
- antilopy parazitologie MeSH
- Eimeria klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- oocysty klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- sporozoiti klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Saudská Arábie MeSH
The coccidium Eimeria exigua from the tame rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been neglected so far since it was considered to be an invalid species. Indeed, little is known about this coccidium. We have studied its endogenous development in domestic rabbits by means of light and electron microscopy. The first meronts appeared 72h post-inoculation (h.p.i.), but a total of four asexual generations developed from 72 to 144h.p.i. Meronts and gamonts were localized in the small intestine and the asexual stages successively moved from the duodenum to ileum. All parasite stages were found exclusively in the epithelium of the walls and tops of the villi. Two types of meronts developing in parallel during the asexual phase were observed from at least the 2nd generation. As in other rabbit coccidia, these forms corresponded to type A, which usually develops two polynucleate merozoites where endomerogony occurs, and type B, characterized by more numerous uninucleate merozoites arising by ectomerogony. This report is the first description of the endogenous stages of E. exigua.
Suckling rabbits from six litters were orally inoculated at various ages with oocysts of Eimeria flavescens or Eimeria intestinalis. The total number of oocysts in the ceca served to estimate parasite reproduction. The rabbits at 14 and 16 days old remained uninfected, and in 19-day-old animals, low or no oocyst shedding was observed. All the older rabbits were infected and the number of oocysts in the ceca increased with the age of animals at inoculation. The dependence of oocyst production on the age of inoculated rabbits was similar in both coccidian species.
Specific pathogen-free (SPF) rabbits were inoculated with oocysts of an original strain (OS) of Eimeria piriformis and the first newly developed oocysts recovered from the intestine were used for infection of other rabbits. The prepatent period (PP) was shortened after 12 passages from 194 to 170 hours and remained stable after 5 passages without any selection pressure. Oocysts of the precocious line (PL) exhibited peculiar morphology. Besides refractile bodies (RB) within sporozoites, one huge RB joined with a residual body was present inside each sporocyst. The parasite developed in the proximal colon and, to a lesser extent, in other parts of the large intestine. All stages were seen in the epithelium of crypts. In OS, four asexual generations preceded gamogony and, like in other rabbit coccidia, two types of meronts were observed: meronts of type A that develop into polynucleate merozoite, in which endomerogony takes place, and meronts of the type B that form uninucleate merozoites. The endogenous development of PL was identical with that of OS except for the last merogony which was absent. This resulted in earlier appearance of gamogony and shortening of PP. These observations of the life cycle of E. piriformis substantially improve on its description made 50-60 years ago.
- MeSH
- Eimeria růst a vývoj patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- oocysty růst a vývoj MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev parazitologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- sporozoiti růst a vývoj MeSH
- stadia vývoje * MeSH
- střevní sliznice parazitologie patologie MeSH
- tenké střevo parazitologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Naive and immune specific-pathogen-free rabbits were inoculated in the duodenum with sporocysts of Eimeria coecicola or Eimeria intestinalis. Samples were taken from the following tissues: duodenum (site of penetration of sporozoites), ileum (specific target site of the endogenous development of E. intestinalis), vermiform appendix (target site of E. coecicola) and two extraintestinal sites, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and spleen. The presence of sporozoites was checked by immunohistochemistry. In rabbits primary-infected with E. coecicola, large numbers of sporozoites were detected in the duodenum, extraintestinal sites, and vermiform appendix. The abundance of sporozoites in the spleen, MLN, and appendix was significantly reduced in the immune rabbits, and the migration seemed impeded. In the rabbits infected with E. intestinalis, sporozoites were absent in the spleen and MLN, indicating that the route of migration is different from that of E. coecicola. The number of sporozoites in the crypts of the ileum was markedly reduced in the immune animals.
- MeSH
- antigeny protozoální metabolismus MeSH
- Eimeria růst a vývoj imunologie patogenita MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- kokcidióza imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny parazitologie MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev * MeSH
- Peyerovy pláty metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální imunologie MeSH
- slezina parazitologie MeSH
- sporozoiti růst a vývoj imunologie patologie MeSH
- tenké střevo metabolismus parazitologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny protozoální MeSH
- protilátky protozoální MeSH
The SPF rabbits were inoculated with oocysts of Eimeria flavescens and the first newly developed oocysts were recovered. They were used for inoculation of other rabbits which consequently excreted oocysts sooner than in the previous passage. By repeated use of this method, the prepatent period was shortened after 18 passages by more than 60 h. The endogenous development of this precocious line (PL) differed from that of the original strain (OS). Compared to OS, two asexual generations, second (or third) and fourth, were absent in PL. The first merogony took place in the jejunum and ileum in OS and, in contrast, in the large intestine in PL. Like in other rabbit coccidia, two types of meronts (A and B) were seen in each generation. However, the ratio of B: A meronts in the last (fifth) asexual generation as well as ratio of microgamonts:macrogamonts differs in OS and PL.
- MeSH
- Eimeria růst a vývoj patogenita ultrastruktura MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- oocysty růst a vývoj MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev patologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- sporozoiti růst a vývoj MeSH
- stadia vývoje * MeSH
- střevní sliznice parazitologie patologie MeSH
- tenké střevo parazitologie patologie MeSH
- tlusté střevo parazitologie patologie MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Coprological examination of 40 Apodemus mystacinus Danford and Alston 1877 from Jordan revealed oocysts of three species of genus Eimeria. Two species are described as new. Eimeria zuhairamri sp. n. has broadly ellipsoidal oocysts 29.6 (27.0-34.0) x 23.3 (22.0-25.0) mum with distinctly granulated wall and oocyst residuum. Endogenous development occurs in jejunum and ileum. Eimeria alorani sp. n. has oocysts 26.9 (23.0-29.0) x 19.3 (18.0-22.0) mum with smooth wall and absent residuum. Endogenous development is confined to the caecum. The third species, developing in jejunum, has oocysts morphologically indistinguishable from Eimeria uptoni. The identity of E. uptoni and the taxonomy of Eimeria of Apodemus are discussed.
- MeSH
- cékum parazitologie MeSH
- divoká zvířata parazitologie MeSH
- Eimeria klasifikace cytologie růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- ileum parazitologie MeSH
- jejunum parazitologie MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mikrofotografie MeSH
- Murinae parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci hlodavců parazitologie MeSH
- oocysty cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jordánsko MeSH
The endogenous cycle of Eimeria flavescens was studied in specific pathogen-free rabbits by means of histology and transmission electron microscopy. In total, five asexual generations were observed and two types of meronts and merozoites were found in each generation. Type A gave rise to a smaller number of thick polynucleate merozoites in which daughter merozoites were formed by endomerogony, while in the type B meronts slender uninucleate merozoites arose from ectomerogony. The first generation meronts were found in the crypts and proximal part of the villi of the duodenum and jejunum, whereas the three following generations developed in the superficial epithelium of the large intestine (cecum, vermiform appendix and colon). The last merogony as well as gamogony took place in crypts of the large intestine.
- MeSH
- Eimeria růst a vývoj patogenita ultrastruktura MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie patologie MeSH
- králíci parazitologie MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev parazitologie patologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie patologie MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- střevní sliznice parazitologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Eimeria jamescooki sp. n. was recovered from the skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus (Garman) found on the grounds of James Cook University, Townsville (type locality), North Queensland, Australia. Oocysts were 17.5-25.0 (22.1 +/- 1.9) x 15-22.5 (17.7 +/- 1.6) microm and sporocysts 6.25-10.0 (7.9 +/- 1.15) x 3.75-6.25 (5.3 +/- 1.0) microm in size. Endogenous stages are described from histological material examined by light microscope and by transmission electron microscope. Both merogony stages and gamonts were found to develop in the cytoplasm of the anterior gut mucosal epithelium. Meront progeny were comprised of 10 to 21 merozoites. Premature macrogamonts were elongate; some host cells contained two elongate macrogamonts. Unique to the presently described species were the Golgi "plaques" and an enclosure of tubuli. Mature macrogamonts and young oocysts ranged in size from 14 x 7 to 21 x 11 microm and contained two types of wall-forming bodies, canaliculi and amylopectin granules. Differentiating microgamonts conformed in fine structure with that observed in other eimerians. Their sizes increased from 15.4 x 4.2 to 28 x 8.4 microm while dividing to over 70 nuclei, which formed a corresponding yield of microgametes.
- MeSH
- Eimeria růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- ještěři parazitologie MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- oocysty růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
