UNLABELLED: Arthroderma is the most diverse genus among dermatophytes encompassing species occurring in soil, caves, animal burrows, clinical material and other environments. In this study, we collected ex-type, reference and authentic strains of all currently accepted Arthroderma species and generated sequences of three highly variable loci (ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α). The number of accepted species was expanded to 27. One novel species, A. melbournense (ex-type strain CCF 6162T = CBS 145858T), is described. This species was isolated from toenail dust collected by a podiatrist in Melbourne, during an epidemiological study of four geographical regions of Eastern Australia. Trichophyton terrestre, Chrysosporium magnisporum, and Chrysosporium oceanitis are transferred to Arthroderma. Typification is provided for T. terrestre that is not conspecific with any of the supposed biological species from the former T. terrestre complex, that is, A. insingulare, A. lenticulare and A. quadrifidum. A multi-gene phylogeny and reference sequences provided in this study should serve as a basis for future phylogenetic studies and facilitate species identification in practice. LAY ABSTRACT: The genus Arthroderma encompasses geophilic dermatophyte species that infrequently cause human and animal superficial infections. Reference sequences from three genetic loci were generated for all currently accepted Arthroderma species and phylogeny was constructed. Several taxonomic novelties are introduced. The newly provided data will facilitate species identification and future taxonomic studies.

• Klíčová slova
• Arthroderma, Trichophyton terrestre, geophilic dermatophytes, keratinophilic fungi, multigene phylogeny,
• MeSH
• Arthrodermataceae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   MeSH
• elongační faktor 1 genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• geny hub genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• Microsporum klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• Trichophyton klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• tubulin genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA fungální MeSH
• elongační faktor 1 MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• tubulin MeSH

An undescribed Microsporum species was isolated from skin scales recovered from a 40-mm large, annular, scaling lesion on the wrist of a 46-year-old woman. The risk factors for dermatophyte infection in the patient were frequent work in the garden, hunting, and contact with dogs and horses. Direct microscopic examination of the scales revealed the presence of dermatophyte hyphae; when the samples were cultured, a morphologically similar fungus grew on all slants in pure culture. Both of these findings strongly suggested that the isolate was the true causal agent of infection. The possible geophilic nature of the species was based on phylogenetic analysis (internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and β-tubulin gene) that placed it in between species of the M. gypseum complex. However, its divergencies from all other Microsporum species exceeded 4% base pairs. Based on β-tubulin phylogeny, the isolated species is a sister to M. gypseum. The species produces abundant chlamydospores and clumps of hyphae similar to those of ascomatal primordia but no conidia and ascospores. The species was unable to grow at 37°C and does not grow on T6 basal medium, which is unlike other Microsporum species; hair perforation and urease tests were positive. The addition of histidine to the T6 medium resulted in rapid growth of the fungus. The phylogenetic evidence, morphology, growth parameters, and physiology justified the proposal that the isolate is a new species, M. aenigmaticum, sp. nov.

• Klíčová slova
• Arthroderma, Onygenales, geophilic dermatophytes, keratinophilic fungi, skin infection, sterile fungi,
• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• Microsporum klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• tinea diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• tubulin genetika   MeSH
• zápěstí mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• ribozomální DNA MeSH
• tubulin MeSH

The authors presented a taxonomic survey of dermatophytes of the genus Microsporum. From the 19 species described so far, they isolated ten species in the region of Eastern Bohemia. Only the species Microsporum cookei and M. gypsem are considered to be endemic species. The remaining are regarded as imported dermatophytes which are not able to maintain their existence permanently in the conditions of the mentioned region. Data on the findings of the individual species were completed by the authors' remarks on their primary hosts and/or substrates of heterotrophy, frequency of occurrence and geographical distribution.

• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• Microsporum klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH