RNA molecules rarely function alone in cells. For most RNAs, their function requires formation of various ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. For example, mRNP composition can determine mRNA localization, translational repression, level of translation or mRNA stability. RNPs are usually studied by biochemical methods. However, biochemical approaches are unsuitable for some model systems, such as mammalian oocytes and early embryos, due to the small amounts that can be obtained for experimental analysis. In such cases, microscopic techniques are often used to learn about RNPs. Here, we present a review of immunostaining, fluorescence in situ hybridization with subcellular resolution and a combination of both, with emphasis on the mouse oocyte and early embryos models. Application of these techniques to whole-mount fixed oocytes and early embryos can provide information about RNP composition and localization with three-dimensional resolution.

• MeSH
• embryo savčí chemie   patologie   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční metody   MeSH
• imunohistochemie metody   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oocyty chemie   patologie   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH

The progamic phase of male gametophyte development involves activation of synthetic and catabolic processes required for the rapid growth of the pollen tube. It is well-established that both transcription and translation play an important role in global and specific gene expression patterns during pollen maturation. On the contrary, germination of many pollen species has been shown to be largely independent of transcription but vitally dependent on translation of stored mRNAs. Here, we report the first structural and proteomic data about large ribonucleoprotein particles (EPPs) in tobacco male gametophyte. These complexes are formed in immature pollen where they contain translationally silent mRNAs. Although massively activated at the early progamic phase, they also serve as a long-term storage of mRNA transported along with the translational machinery to the tip region. Moreover, EPPs were shown to contain ribosomal subunits, rRNAs and a set of mRNAs. Presented results extend our view of EPP complexes from mere RNA storage and transport compartment in particular stages of pollen development to the complex and well-organized machinery devoted to mRNA storage, transport and subsequent controlled activation resulting in protein synthesis, processing and precise localization. Such an organization is extremely useful in fast tip-growing pollen tube. There, massive and orchestrated protein synthesis, processing, and transport must take place in accurately localized regions. Moreover, presented complex role of EPPs in tobacco cytoplasmic mRNA and protein metabolism makes them likely to be active in another plant species too. Expression of vast majority of the closest orthologues of EPP proteins also in Arabidopsis male gametophyte further extends this concept from tobacco to Arabidopsis, the model species with advanced tricellular pollen.

• MeSH
• cytoskelet metabolismus   MeSH
• proteosyntéza MeSH
• pyl metabolismus   MeSH
• pylová láčka metabolismus   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• ribozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• tabák metabolismus   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zárodečné buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

Nucleoli in peripheral blood monocytes represented mostly by micronucleoli were investigated by means of cytochemical procedures for the demonstration of RNA, proteins of silver stained nucleolus organizer region, nucleophosmin, nucleolin and fibrillarin. The values of the nucleolar coefficient (mean number of nucleoli per cell) were influenced by the procedure used for the visualization of nucleoli. The differences in the values of the nucleolar coefficient of monocytes in one and the same person using above mentioned procedures suggested that micronucleoli in blood monocytes represent heterogeneous nuclear structures and only some of them possess both RNA and characteristic nucleolar proteins. Therefore, the procedures used for the visualization of nucleoli must be always taken into consideration when the values of the nucleolar coefficient are evaluated.

• MeSH
• buněčné jadérko chemie   MeSH
• chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosfoproteiny analýza   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monocyty chemie   cytologie   MeSH
• nukleofosmin MeSH
• nukleolin MeSH
• organizátor jadérka chemie   MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA * MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny analýza   MeSH
• RNA analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové MeSH
• fibrillarin MeSH Prohlížeč
• fosfoproteiny MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• NPM1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nukleofosmin MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA * MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• RNA MeSH

This electron microscopy review documents the in situ cytochemical localization of important nuclear structures and relates this to the important nuclear functions of RNA transcription and processing. With the help of specific probes (antibodies, nucleic acid probes), a comprehensive picture of nuclear subcompartmentalization is beginning to emerge.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• buněčné jadérko fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• buněčné jádro fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• buňky 3T3 ultrastruktura   MeSH
• chromatin ultrastruktura   MeSH
• DNA analýza   MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• genetická transkripce * MeSH
• HeLa buňky ultrastruktura   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny analýza   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• posttranskripční úpravy RNA * MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny analýza   MeSH
• RNA analýza   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• chromatin MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• RNA MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčný cyklus MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ovum analýza   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny analýza   MeSH
• ribozomy ultrastruktura   MeSH
• stadium rýhování vajíčka * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH