Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a serious threat to animal health and has a major economic impact worldwide due to production and financial losses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of AR on 30 goat farms in Slovakia during the pasturing seasons and to compare three widely used in vitro and in vivo methods for detecting AR in field conditions. A three-year survey was conducted during the pasturing seasons of 2014-2016. Goats on each farm were split into treated and control groups and were treated by recommended (5 mg/kg body weight) and double doses (10 mg/kg b.w.) of albendazole. Comparisons between percent reduction in a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and an egg hatch test (EHT) and the presence of L3 larvae in a larval development test (LDT) using resistant concentrations of benzimidazole (BZ) were monitored after treatment. The FECRT indicated percent reductions of 69.2-86.2% for the single dose and of 36.3-45.4% for the double dose. The EHT indicated that all farms had BZ-resistant nematodes. Low (<15% hatching) and high (>15% hatching) levels of resistance were detected on 13 and 17 farms, respectively. The LDT failed to detect resistant larvae on seven farms but detected low and high levels of resistance on seven and 14 farms, respectively. The data indicate a moderate correlation between in vitro and in vivo tests for detecting BZ resistance among the 30 goat farms. The hatching detected by the EHT and the presence of L3 larvae by the LDT at resistant BZ concentrations provided reasonable identification of low levels of resistance in the parasite populations, but the use of a double dose for a treatment may underestimate the real occurrence of low levels of resistant parasites on goat farms.
- Klíčová slova
- Anthelmintics, Benzimidazole, Detection method, Goats, Resistance,
- MeSH
- anthelmintika farmakologie MeSH
- benzimidazoly farmakologie MeSH
- Haemonchus anatomie a histologie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- kozy parazitologie MeSH
- larva anatomie a histologie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- léková rezistence * MeSH
- Ostertagia anatomie a histologie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Trichostrongylus anatomie a histologie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anthelmintika MeSH
- benzimidazole MeSH Prohlížeč
- benzimidazoly MeSH
Tracer tests conducted over a 3-year period were aimed at measuring the level and species nematode composition of survival on pastures with a special focus on winter months. The survival of infective larvae in chilly conditions is not significantly affected by Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Chabertia ovina. On the contrary, the number of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Nematodirus filicollis significantly increased in milder winter conditions. The results confirmed an epidemiological strategy of overwintering in the arrested stage for Teladorsagia circumcincta and Nematodirus filicollis; the epidemiological strategy of genus Trichostrongylus used both strategies-in particular the tolerance of free-living stages to cold conditions. Part of the population overwintered in the arrested stage as well.
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt parazitologie MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Strongylida parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- larva růst a vývoj MeSH
- nemoci ovcí epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ovce domácí parazitologie MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- Strongylida růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Trichostrongylus růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) was performed on the cistron of rDNA in the two groups of infective larvae Trichostrongylus colubriformis-the population with and without ability to undergo arrested development. General primers designed by Caenorhabditis elegans rDNA were used for the amplification of the rDNA cistron between genes 18S and 28S. Amplified fragments were digested by using a series of restriction endonucleases. Hinc II restriction profiles unique for each T. colubriformis populations were observed, and therefore enzyme Hinc II appears to be useful for the determination of populations with and without the ability to undergo arrested development. Molecular markers of arrested development ability have not been studied on this part of rDNA before.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- DNA helmintů analýza MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- larva genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- nemoci koz parazitologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
- restrikční endonukleasy typu II metabolismus MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- trichostrongylóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Trichostrongylus klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA helmintů MeSH
- GTYRAC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases MeSH Prohlížeč
- restrikční endonukleasy typu II MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S MeSH
