OBJECTIVES: Facial directional asymmetry research, including age-related changes, is crucial for the evaluation of treatment of craniofacial malformations/trauma in orthodontics, facial surgery and forensic sciences. The aim was to describe facial directional asymmetry (DA) in different age categories of adults using 3D methods. According to our hypothesis, facial shape DA (1) depends on sex; (2) differs among age groups; and (3) has wider variability in older age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of healthy Czech adults without craniofacial trauma or anomalies consisted of 300 3D facial models (151 females). The age-range in the study was between 20-80 years. The shape asymmetry of 28 3D landmarks was evaluated using geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: The manifestation of DA was similar in both sexes and in each age category; however, there were some statistical differences. In contrast to the ideal symmetrical face, the mean asymmetrical faces tended to create a slightly bent "C" shape of the midline. Therefore, the upper face was rotated slightly clockwise and the lower face counter-clockwise. The right eye was located slightly higher, with the nasal tip and mandibular region tilting to the left. Sex differences in facial DA were significant before the age of 40. DA was more significant in the youngest males than in the oldest, while the women's DA did not change. CONCLUSIONS: The DA patterns were similar in both sexes and in all age categories (a slightly bent C shape of the midline); however, some significant local differences between male age groups were found. A significantly more pronounced asymmetry compared to other age groups was found only in the youngest males from 20 to 40 years. Moreover, significant sexual dimorphism of DA rapidly decreased after middle age, likely caused by the same age-related changes of the face during aging.

• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje * etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nos MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Condylar hyperplasia is one of the causes of facial asymmetry and malocclusion, characterized by enlargement of the lower jaw due to excessive condyle growth activity. The aim of this study was to use micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the bone architecture of the condylar head and determine whether there are differences between patients with various forms of unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH): hemimandibular hyperplasia, elongation, and mixed form. The cohort consisted of 28 patients with a mean age of 21.9 years. All patients underwent surgical treatment (condylar shaving) for active pathological growth activity. The portion of the condylar head removed was imaged by micro-CT and subsequently evaluated. Micro-CT imaging and semiquantitative and quantitative evaluation of the bone structure (percentage bone volume, surface density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, degree of anisotropy, and porosity of the subchondral bone) did not reveal significant differences between the individual types of condylar hyperplasia (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in bone structure between the anterior and posterior portions of the condylar head. No statistically significant differences between individual groups of UCH were found in the micro-CT evaluation of the condylar head bone architecture.

• Klíčová slova
• Mandibular condyle, Mandibular osteotomy, Temporomandibular joint, Temporomandibular joint disorders, X-ray micro-CT,
• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperplazie diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula patologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• processus condylaris mandibulae * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate facial asymmetry changes in pre-school patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty and to compare facial asymmetry with age-matched healthy controls. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The sample consisted of patients with unilateral cleft lip (UCL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The patients were divided in two age groups with a mean age of 3 years (n = 51) and 4.5 years (n = 45), respectively, and 78 age-matched individuals as controls. Three-dimensional (3D) facial scans were analyzed using geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: Geometric morphometry showed positive deviations from perfect symmetry on the right side of the forehead in the intervention groups and the controls. The UCL groups showed the greatest asymmetric nasolabial area on the cleft-side labia and the contralateral nasal tip. The UCLP group showed, moreover, asymmetry in buccal region due to typical maxillar hypoplasia, which was accentuated in the older group. The BCLP groups showed slightly similar but greater asymmetry than the control groups, except for the philtrum region. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetry of each of the cleft groups significantly differed from the controls. Except for the buccal region in the UCLP and BCLP groups, asymmetry did not significantly increase with age.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D scanning, Asymmetry, Cleft, Geometric morphometry, Neonatal cheiloplasty,
• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• obličej abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ret abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp patra komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Maxillary pneumosinus dilatans is a rare and difficult to diagnose condition at its outset. The natural history of a case where a computer tomography (CT) scan was performed 6 months prior diagnosis raises the possibity that pneumosisnus dilatans and sinus pneumocoele may be a continuum of the same diease process. The classification and aetiology are discussed.

• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje etiologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dilatace patologická diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exoftalmus etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoci vedlejších nosních dutin diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nosní obstrukce etiologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• sinus maxillaris diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint leads in children to serious disorders such as loss of dentition, growth retardation of the lower jaw, facial asymmetry etc. During the period from 1993 till 1997 we treated 12 children incl. eight who had unilateral and four bilateral ankylosis. In six patients, after elimination of the ankylosis, reconstruction of the head was made with a total of nine costochondral grafts. In entire all patients the temporal muscle or a silicone plate was interposed between the skull base and mandible. Postoperative complications were minimal. Surgical treatment, which is only half of the issue of treatment, must be followed by long-term careful rehabilitation. The results which were achieved contributed in a significant way to a more favourable further development of the children.

• MeSH
• ankylóza komplikace   rehabilitace   chirurgie   MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje etiologie   MeSH
• baze lební chirurgie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• chrupavka transplantace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula růst a vývoj   chirurgie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• musculus temporalis transplantace   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoci mandibuly etiologie   MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu komplikace   rehabilitace   chirurgie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• poruchy růstu etiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• silikony MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH
• transplantace kostí metody   MeSH
• ztráta zubů etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• silikony MeSH

Hyperplasia of the coronoid processes of the mandible in a 36-year-old man was associated, in addition to difficult opening of the mouth, with noises of apparently articular origin. The noise was due to the shifting of the coronoid processes along the inner surfaces of the temporal processes of the facial bones. On the X-ray picture also the elongated styloid processes were striking as well as symmetrial exostoses at the lower borderline of the mandible and condylar processes deformed without any apparent cause.

• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hluk MeSH
• hyperplazie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci mandibuly patologie   MeSH
• spánková kost patologie   MeSH
• trismus MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje etiologie   MeSH
• fraktury mandibuly komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• processus condylaris mandibulae zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje etiologie   MeSH
• dislokace kloubu komplikace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fraktury mandibuly komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• processus condylaris mandibulae zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH