Some neural circuits within infants are not fully developed at birth, especially in preterm infants. Therefore, it is unclear whether reflexes that affect breathing may or may not be activated during the neonatal stabilisation at birth. Both sensory reflexes (eg, tactile stimulation) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can promote spontaneous breathing at birth, but the application of NIV can also compromise breathing by inducing facial reflexes that inhibit spontaneous breathing. Applying an interface could provoke the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) by stimulating the trigeminal nerve resulting in apnoea and a reduction in heart rate. Similarly, airflow within the nasopharynx can elicit the TCR and/or laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR), resulting in glottal closure and ineffective ventilation, whereas providing pressure via inflations could stimulate multiple receptors that affect breathing. Stimulating the fast adapting pulmonary receptors may activate Head's paradoxical reflex to stimulate spontaneous breathing. In contrast, stimulating the slow adapting pulmonary receptors or laryngeal receptors could induce the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex or LCR, respectively, and thereby inhibit spontaneous breathing. As clinicians are most often unaware that starting primary care might affect the breathing they intend to support, this narrative review summarises the currently available evidence on (vagally mediated) reflexes that might promote or inhibit spontaneous breathing at birth.

• Klíčová slova
• neonatology, neurology, resuscitation,
• MeSH
• dýchání * MeSH
• fyzikální stimulace MeSH
• hmat MeSH
• hypotermie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neinvazivní ventilace přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• nervus vagus fyziologie   MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený fyziologie   MeSH
• odsávání MeSH
• plíce fyziologie   MeSH
• plicní ventilace MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče MeSH
• reflex * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

UNLABELLED: Perioperative hypothermia is associated with the development of haemocoagulation, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders leading to an increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of the investigation was to assess the extent of hypothermia and its clinical and laboratory consequences. A group of 30 patients subjected to elective radical laparotomy on account of colorectal carcinoma was divided into to equivalent groups. To the first group heated infusions were administered, to the second group not heated ones. In all patients the central and peripheral temperature, rate of postoperative normalization of the temperature, postoperative thermal comfort, consumption of analgesics and biochemical and haematological parameters were monitored. RESULTS: In patients with non-heated infusions more marked and longer perioperative hypothermia was recorded with a significant alteration of the number of leucocytes and thrombocytes. In the other investigated indicators there was no significant difference between the two groups. Hypothermia did not cause serious complications in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: Although no serious clinical complications induced by hypothermia were recorded, the authors recommend an active approach and provisions for the perioperative maintenance of body temperature as a standard of contemporary perioperative care.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypotermie komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• intravenózní infuze MeSH
• isotonické roztoky MeSH
• kolorektální nádory chirurgie   MeSH
• krystaloidní roztoky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhražky plazmy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• peroperační komplikace * MeSH
• peroperační monitorování MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná teplota MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• isotonické roztoky MeSH
• krystaloidní roztoky MeSH
• náhražky plazmy MeSH