OBJECTIVE: CD154 (also called CD40L) is a transmembrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface membrane of activated CD4+ T cells. Its receptor CD40 is present on all B cells, but also on other cells. The interaction CD154-CD40 is necessary for the optimal development of the adaptive immune response and also has consequences for the modulation of the inflammatory response. A defect in the expression of CD154 is pathognomonic of congenital immunodeficiency called X-linked Hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIGM). To detect the abnormality of CD154 is essential for making the diagnosis of XHIGM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We worked out a microtest for the detection of CD154 expression on in vitro activated CD4+ T cells in whole blood and compared it with that on isolated cells from peripheral blood. Heparinized peripheral blood was activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for 4 hours, labeled with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Considering that the CD4 marker on the plasma membrane surface decreases during the activation, CD4+ T cells are mostly recognized as CD5+/CD8- cells. Their activation is monitored based on the expression of CD69. Three-colour immunofluorescence staining was used for simultaneous detection of CD154. RESULTS: Ten blood donors were tested. As little as 0.5 ml of heparinized whole blood is needed to complete the test. Optimal time for activation and detection of CD154 on T lymphocytes is 4 hours. We found that the number of CD4 molecules on the surface of T cells decreases during the activation. The expression of CD154 in our whole blood microtest is fully comparable with that in the test on isolated leukocytes. CONCLUSION: The presented microtest for the detection of CD154 on activated lymphocytes in whole blood is fast and blood saving, since as little as 0.5 ml of blood is needed to complete it. It can be recommended as the initial test for suspected hyper-IgM syndrome in children. We demonstrate that this screening method can help to detect also carriers of XHIGM.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů imunologie   MeSH
• CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• imunodeficience s hyper-IgM, typ 1 diagnóza   MeSH
• imunofenotypizace metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligand CD40 analýza   MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ligand CD40 MeSH

OBJECTIVE: of this paper is to compare observed values of immune parameters obtained in the CESAR study (The Central Europe Study of Air Pollution and Respiratory Health, funded by EC PHARE program) with ranges derived from other large population-based studies. STUDY DESIGN: Data were collected in healthy school children aged 9-11 years, in 6 countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic with the same standard approach in 1996. Random samples of 85 children per country, from 19 communities were selected from children having completed the health questionnaire, in total 495 children were analyzed. Lymphocyte subsets were determined by two-colour flow cytometric immunophenotyping using the lysed whole blood method (Becton-Dickinson). For determination of immunoglobulin concentration in sera nephelometric method (Behring Nephelometer system) was used. RESULTS: Medians, (5th-95th percentiles) of the lymphocyte subsets absolute count (x 10(9)/l) were as follows: CD19+ B cells 0.36 (0.13-0.66), total CD3+ T cells 1.74 (0.98-2.90), CD3+CD4+ helper-inducer T cells 0.95 (0.47-1.78), CD3+CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells 0.71 (0.38-1.22), CD3-CD16+56+ NK cells 0.36 (0.14-0.78), and for CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio 1.4 (0.8-2.4). Medians, (5th-95th percentiles) of percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations (%) were as follows: CD19+ B 13 (7-22), CD3+ T 70 (59-80), CD3+CD4+ T 38 (27-48), CD3+CD8+ T 28 (20-39), CD3-CD16+56+ NK cells 14 (6-27). Medians, (2.5th-97.5th percentiles) of the total immunoglobulin [g/l] were 11.7 (7.4-18.2) for IgG, 1.2 (0.5-2.5) for IgM, and 1.5 (0.5-3.4) for IgA. Based on the aspects of the size of the CESAR immune biomarker study and on the use of the standardized protocols we recommend to use the reference ranges on lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin in Europe as provided by this study.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• imunoglobuliny krev   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty krev   klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální péče o dítě statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH

Mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of 69 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease were investigated and their changes were followed up in the course of the disease. Before the initiation of the treatment, the total number of lymphocytes, cells with ring-shaped nucleolus, E-rosette forming cells and lymphocytes with dot-like ANAE positivity were decreased and ferritin-bearing lymphocytes significantly highly increased (p less than 0.01) when compared with healthy persons. In cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, only the total number of cells in initial state of transformation to macrophages (active nucleolus) was significantly highly increased (p less than 0.05). In comparison with early stages, only the changes of quiet, resting cells were significantly more pronounced in advanced disease (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05). An excessive depression of ring-shaped nucleolus-bearing cells was associated with B symptoms. Using a discriminant analysis method, the independent influence of these cells upon the immunocompetence of the patients has been proved. After the completion of primary treatment the changes of cells were more profoundly expressed. No complete restauration of immunocompetence has been found within 1-2 years in patients responding satisfactorily to therapy. Verified by the discriminant analysis, persistent imbalance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations plays the most important role in the immune defect of patients in the second year after the therapy and later.

• MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• Hodgkinova nemoc imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   MeSH
• monocyty klasifikace   MeSH
• počet leukocytů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciační antigeny analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• systémový lupus erythematodes imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diferenciační antigeny MeSH

• MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• cytomegalovirové infekce komplikace   imunologie   MeSH
• Cytomegalovirus imunologie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky virové analýza   MeSH
• tvorba rozet MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky virové MeSH

The termination of different subsets in apparently homogeneous cell population of T lymphocytes seems to be extremely important in the investigation of allergic diseases and can be of diagnostical use. It has been proved that the dysfunction of those subsets is very important pathogenetic mechanism of atopy. The existing technique using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers is rather expensive and has even some disadvantages. It has been published recently that some strains of bacteria were capable to bind spontaneously to human lymphocytes. Simultaneous use of more bacterial strains permitted to identify two B-cells and four T-cells subsets. The interaction of lectins on the lymphocyte surface and polysaccharide substances of the bacterial cell wall is supposed to be the mechanism of binding. In the present study an attempt was made to find out whether there is a difference in the binding of bacteria to lymphocytes between normal subjects and atopics and whether changes occur in this phenomenon after application of immunotherapy. It has been found that this qualitatively novel way of binding cannot be used for laboratory characterization of atopic subjects. No differences were observed in T-lymphocyte subsets identified by bacterial adherence between allergic and normal subjects. Immunotherapy failed to influence the binding. No correlation has been found with the method using monoclonal antibodies. Statistical evaluation revealed considerable dispersion of results obtained.

• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty klasifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální adheze * MeSH
• časná přecitlivělost krev   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• desenzibilizace imunologická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• T-lymfocyty klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• buňky NK analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty analýza   klasifikace   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• popálení imunologie   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty analýza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• T-lymfocyty pomocné-indukující analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů účinky léků   MeSH
• cytotoxicita imunologická MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• splenektomie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobuliny MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciační antigeny analýza   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• kostní dřeň imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• plazmocytom imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• receptory imunologické analýza   MeSH
• tvorba rozet MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diferenciační antigeny MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• receptory imunologické MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie diagnóza   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• antigeny nádorové analýza   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• lymfoidní leukemie diagnóza   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny nádorové MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH