Similarly to testicular tumors, key changes on penile and scrotal neoplasia were incorporated into WHO classification 2016. Therein, penile squamous cell carcinomas were divided into two groups based on the pathogenesis, namely HPV-associated and HPV-independent. This remains unchanged in WHO classification 2022. For those carcinomas where HPV status can not be determined, a category of squamous cell carcinoma NOS was added. Variants of squamous cell carcinoma, namely basaloid, papillary-basaloid, warty, warty-basaloid, clear cell and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas are not recognized as distinctive variants of HPV-associated group anymore. Similarly, squamous cell carcinoma, usual type, pseudohyperplastic, pseudoglandular, verrucous carcinoma, carcinoma cunniculatum, papillary, adenosquamous, sarcomatoid and mixed carcinoma are no more not recognized as distinctive variants of HPV-independent carcinomas. Instead, these variants are now called subtypes. Some previously distinct subtypes now belong to the morphological spectrum of other subtypes. Basaloid-papillary subtype belongs to basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma cunniculatum is currently recognized as morphological variation of verrucous carcinoma. Pseudohyperplastic and mixed subtypes were removed from the classification. Adenosquamous carcinoma is currently termed adenosquamous and mucoepidermoid carcinoma and represents distinct entity. Precursor lesions of squamous cell carcinoma underwent substantial modifications in the WHO classification 2016 as well, and remain unchanged in WHO classification 2022. Terminology for HPV - induced lesions have been unified to low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This classification applies to the whole anogenital area, including penis, anus, perianal region, vulva, vagina and uterine cervix. LSIL is further divided to condyloma accuminatum and (penile) intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (PeIN1), HSIL is divided to PeIN2 and PeIN3. Penile HPV-independent precursor lesions are named differrentiated penile intraepitelial neoplasia (dPeIN) and are identical to analogous lesions on vulva.

• Klíčová slova
• Penis, WHO classification 2022, scrotum, tumors of the penis,
• MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory penisu * patologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae MeSH
• penis metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• skrotum metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom * patologie   MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• verukózní karcinom * patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Penile cancer is uncommon among other urological malignancies, squamous cell carcinoma being the most common type of penile cancer. This case report presents a patient with rapidly progressive angiosarcoma who underwent penile amputation.

• Klíčová slova
• Angiosarcoma, penile amputation, penile cancer, sarcoma,
• MeSH
• amputace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory měkkých tkání * MeSH
• nádory penisu * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• penis patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• sarkom * chirurgie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Soft tumors of the penis are extremely rare in childhood and adolescence. Because there are no guidelines, each such case raises embarrassment over the extent and degree of aggressiveness of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Herein, we describe a case of a teenager with a penile myointimoma along with a review of the literature. So far, only 10 cases have been reported in this age group. CASE PRESENTATION: The 15-year-old boy presented with a 6-months history of a slowly growing, palpable firm nodule in glans penis. Physical examination revealed a palpable, well circumscribed, firm, whitish painless mass, around 1 cm in diameter within the glans. Ultrasound revealed hypoechogenic, hypoperfused poorly defined area inside the glans. MRI did not confirm any other pathologic mass inside the glans and corpora cavernosa. An excisional biopsy was performed; its immunohistological features indicated myointimoma. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Given the rarity of this benign entity, the main importance is to distinguish myointioma from more clinically aggressive neoplasms. The key to a correct diagnosis is a careful histological examination, including immunohistochemistry. Local excision is safe and effective treatment modality.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescent, Case report, Myointimoma, Penile tumor,
• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory penisu * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• penis diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSC) is a rare disease with limited information on the molecular events leading to malignant transformation. In a third of PSC cases, presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) is found. The APOBEC3 family of proteins is known to play a significant role in defense against HPV infection, but their role in PSC is largely unknown. In this study, we aim to assess mRNA expression levels of APOBEC3 family members in HPV+ and HPV- PSC to get insight into their association with clinicopathological features and to evaluate their prognostic impact. Expression levels of six APOBEC3 family members in tissue from 50 patients with PSC were determined by RT-PCR and correlated with clinical and histopathological features. Lower expression of APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3C was observed in advanced PSC stages. Except for APOBEC3D, HPV+ samples showed higher expression of APOBEC3s compared to HPV- samples. In univariate analyses, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3C expression tended to be associated with disease-free survival and APOBEC3A expression with overall survival; however, multivariable analyses failed to confirm these associations with outcome. More extensive external validation and functional laboratory studies are needed to evaluate further their role in PSC development and progression.

• MeSH
• cytidindeaminasa genetika   MeSH
• deaminasy APOBEC MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * komplikace   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetika   MeSH
• penis patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom * patologie   MeSH
• vedlejší histokompatibilní antigeny genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• APOBEC3 proteins, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• APOBEC3A protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• APOBEC3B protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• APOBEC3C protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• cytidindeaminasa MeSH
• deaminasy APOBEC MeSH
• vedlejší histokompatibilní antigeny MeSH

RATIONALE: The Ewing sarcoma family of malignant tumors is a group of tumors characterized by morphologically similar round-cell neoplasms and by the presence of a common chromosomal translocation; Ewing sarcoma family of tumors typically occur in children and young adults between 4 to 15 years of age. The primary tumor usually originates in the bone, extraskeletal localization is rare. PATIENT CONCERN: We present a case report concerning a 32-year-old male patient with a primary involvement of the penis. DIAGNOSIS: The histopathology from the first penile biopsy showed a small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; however, that result was based on a sample obtained at a different facility than the Sarcoma Center, where the investigating pathologist did not have the adequate expertise. The patient then underwent a radical penectomy and a second reading of the histology was demanded after a radical penile amputation when Ewing sarcoma with R1 resection was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was referred to the national Sarcoma Center, where - using a multidisciplinary approach - the treatment was started with curative intent. However, it was preceded by a non-standard initiation of the therapy due to the poor primary diagnosis. OUTCOMES: The non-standard therapy at the onset of the disease caused a poor prognosis of an otherwise curable diagnosis. Despite all that, the patient survived for a relatively long time. LESSONS: The treatment of sarcomas with atypical localizations should be conducted by an experienced multidisciplinary team in a center with experience in sarcoma treatment.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Ewingův sarkom patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory penisu patologie   MeSH
• penis patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Penile necrosis secondary to circumcision by an electrical scalpel in a 2 years and-2-months-old boy occurred. After healing of the electric burn only stumps of the erectile bodies and strictured urethral meatus remained. Penile shaft reconstruction by corpora mobilisation and detachment of the crura from the pubo-ischial rami was performed. This procedure gained 6 cm of a new length of the penis. To prevent readhesions to the pubo-ischial rami the penis was buried in a scrotal tunnel. Six months later the denuded shaft was resurfaced with one split-thickness skin graft and a zigzag seam on the ventral side was made. The patient voids with good stream, has spontaneous erections and nocturnal emissions. During 10 years of follow-up after the reconstruction two complications, namely a stricture of the urethra and a slight dorsal tethering of the penis caused by a scarred pubic skin were treated. The problems of reconstruction and resurfacing of the penis in childhood are discussed.

• MeSH
• cirkumcize u mužů škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• elektrochirurgie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• erekce penisu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močení MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• penis patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH