Molasses wastewater (vinasse; the by-product of distillation of fermented sugar) was decolorized and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced in static cultivation using the fungi Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus pulmonarius ('Pleurotus sajorcaju'). The effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and COD removing capability of four fungi was determined. In the entire concentration range tested (10-30%), wastewater was effectively decolorized by C. versicolor and F. trogii. Cotton stalk addition stimulated the decolorization activity of all fungi. The utilization of cotton stalk represents several advantages due to its function as an attachment place and as a source of nutrients; its use also reduces process costs.

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental * MeSH
• Fermentation MeSH
• Fungi metabolism   MeSH
• Molasses * MeSH
• Water Microbiology MeSH
• Waste Disposal, Fluid MeSH
• Pleurotus metabolism   MeSH
• Polyporales metabolism   MeSH
• Industrial Waste * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Industrial Waste * MeSH

The production of manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a new solid-state bioreactor, the immersion bioreactor, operating with lignocellulosic waste, such as wood shavings, was investigated. Maximum MnP and lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity of 13.4 and 8.48 mukat/L were obtained, respectively. The in vitro decolorization of several synthetic dyes by the extracellular liquid produced in the above-mentioned bioreactor (containing mainly MnP) was carried out and its degrading ability was assessed. The highest decolorization was reached with Indigo Carmine (98%) followed by Bromophenol Blue (56%) and Methyl Orange (36%), whereas Gentian Violet was hardly decolorized (6%).

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Bioreactors * MeSH
• Wood MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Peroxidases biosynthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Phanerochaete enzymology   growth & development   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• lignin peroxidase MeSH Browser
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Peroxidases MeSH

The effect of paraquat on the activities of antioxidant defense and detoxifying enzymes of the white-rot fungus Funalia trogii was determined. Paraquat increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GT) and superoxide dismutase at 1 mmol/L, while at 0.1 mmol/L it did not affect the activity of GR and GT. It depressed the catalase activity and the amount of glutathione at all concentrations used. Paraquat treatment probably depresses antioxidant defense components such as catalase and glutathione.

• MeSH
• Antioxidants metabolism   MeSH
• Glutathione metabolism   MeSH
• Glutathione Reductase metabolism   MeSH
• Glutathione Transferase metabolism   MeSH
• Herbicides toxicity   MeSH
• Catalase metabolism   MeSH
• Kinetics MeSH
• Paraquat toxicity   MeSH
• Polyporales drug effects   enzymology   metabolism   MeSH
• Superoxide Dismutase metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Antioxidants MeSH
• Glutathione MeSH
• Glutathione Reductase MeSH
• Glutathione Transferase MeSH
• Herbicides MeSH
• Catalase MeSH
• Paraquat MeSH
• Superoxide Dismutase MeSH

The ability to decolorize four synthetic dyes (Phenol Red, Evans Blue, Eosin Yellowish and Poly B411) in five Pleurotus ostreatus strains (a parental strain and four isolates derived from it) was determined. Two of the isolates had markedly higher and other two substantially lower production of ligninolytic enzymes and hydrogen peroxide than the parental strain. Like the parental strain, the higher-producing isolates were able to decolorize all the tested dyes, but not to a higher extent than the parental strain. In contrast, two lower-producing isolates exhibited slow decolorization, which was incomplete even at the end of cultivation. Evans Blue and Eosin Yellowish strongly suppressed the growth of the strains, while Phenol Red and Poly B411 induced none or only a very slight growth reduction.

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Oxidoreductases metabolism   MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism   MeSH
• Peroxidases metabolism   MeSH
• Pleurotus chemistry   enzymology   metabolism   MeSH
• Textile Industry MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Oxidoreductases MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide MeSH
• Peroxidases MeSH

Neem hull waste (containing a high amount of lignin and other phenolic compounds) was used for lignin peroxidase production by Phanerochaete chrysosporum under solid-state fermentation conditions. Maximum decolorization achieved by partially purified lignin peroxidase was 80% for Porocion Brilliant Blue HGR, 83 for Ranocid Fast Blue, 70 for Acid Red 119 and 61 for Navidol Fast Black MSRL. The effects of different concentrations of veratryl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, enzyme and dye on the efficiency of decolorization have been investigated. Maximum decolorization efficiency was observed at 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide, 2.5 mmol/L veratryl alcohol and pH 5.0 after a 1-h reaction, using 50 ppm of dyes and 9.96 mkat/L of enzyme.

• MeSH
• Azadirachta MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Benzyl Alcohols metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Bioreactors MeSH
• Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Lignin metabolism   MeSH
• Peroxidases metabolism   MeSH
• Phanerochaete enzymology   MeSH
• Substrate Specificity MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Benzyl Alcohols MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• lignin peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Lignin MeSH
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Peroxidases MeSH
• veratryl alcohol MeSH Browser

The ability of a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius to decolorize structurally different synthetic dyes (including azo, triphenylmethane, heterocyclic and polymeric dyes) was investigated in solid and submerged cultures. Both were able to decolorize completely or partially 8 of 10 dyes (Amido Black, Congo Red, Trypan Blue, Methyl Green, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Methyl Violet, Ethyl Violet, Brilliant Cresyl Blue). No decolorization of Methylene Blue and Poly R 478 was observed. Of the four phenol-oxidizing enzymes tested in culture filtrates (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, aryl alcohol oxidase, laccase), P. pulmonarius produced only laccase. Both laccase activity and dye decolorization were related to glucose and ammonium starvation or to induction by ferulic acid. The decolorization in vivo was tested using three dyes--Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Trypan Blue and Methyl Green. All of them were completely decolorized by crude extracellular extracts. Decolorization and laccase activity were equally affected by pH and temperature. Laccase can thus be considered to be the major enzyme involved in the ability of P. pulmonarius to decolorize industrial dyes.

• MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Fermentation MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Oxidoreductases biosynthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Pleurotus enzymology   metabolism   MeSH
• Industrial Microbiology * MeSH
• Monophenol Monooxygenase biosynthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Brazil MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Oxidoreductases MeSH
• Monophenol Monooxygenase MeSH

White-rot fungi, Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii, produced laccase on media with diluted olive-oil mill wastewater and vinasse. Addition of spent cotton stalks enhanced the laccase activity with a maximum after 12 d of cultivation.

• MeSH
• Gossypium MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Waste Products * MeSH
• Plant Oils MeSH
• Olive Oil MeSH
• Oxidoreductases metabolism   MeSH
• Polyporales metabolism   MeSH
• Industrial Waste * MeSH
• Agriculture * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Culture Media MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Waste Products * MeSH
• Plant Oils MeSH
• Olive Oil MeSH
• Oxidoreductases MeSH
• Industrial Waste * MeSH

Agitation, temperature, inoculum size, initial pH and pH of buffered medium affected the decolorization of Orange II dye by Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii. The optimum temperature and initial pH value for decolorization were 30 degrees C and 6.5-7.0, respectively; pH 4.5 was the most efficient in buffered cultures. High decolorization extents were reached at all agitation rates. At an inoculum size of more than 1 mL, the extent of decolorization changed only slightly. High extents were obtained using immobilized fungi at repeated batch mode.

• MeSH
• Azo Compounds metabolism   MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Benzenesulfonates metabolism   MeSH
• Polyporales metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• 2-naphthol orange MeSH Browser
• Azo Compounds MeSH
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Benzenesulfonates MeSH