Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an early-stage cancer without invasion into the detrusor muscle layer. Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is a diagnostic and potentially curative procedure for NMIBC, but has some limitations, including difficulties in ascertaining complete tumour removal upon piecemeal resection and the possibility of tumour re-implantation after the procedure. The oncological control of NMIBC is far from satisfactory, with a 1-year recurrence rate of 15-61%, and a 5-year recurrence rate of 31-78%. Various recurrence mechanisms have been described for NMIBC, such as undetected tumours upon cystoscopy, incomplete resection during TURBT, tumour re-implantation after TURBT, drop metastasis from upper tract urothelial carcinoma and field change cancerization. Understanding the recurrence mechanisms from a clinical perspective has strong implications for the optimization of NMIBC oncological outcomes, as a cure for patients with NMIBC can only be achieved by tackling all possible recurrence mechanisms in a comprehensive manner.

• MeSH
• cystektomie metody   MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is generated in large amounts during smoking and is best known for its genotoxic capacity. Here, we aimed to assess whether acrolein at concentrations relevant for smokers may also exert immunomodulatory effects that could be relevant in allergy or cancer. In a BALB/c allergy model repeated nasal exposure to acrolein abrogated allergen-specific antibody and cytokine formation, and led to a relative accumulation of regulatory T cells in the lungs. Only the acrolein-treated mice were protected from bronchial hyperreactivity as well as from anaphylactic reactions upon challenge with the specific allergen. Moreover, grafted D2F2 tumor cells grew faster and intratumoral Foxp3+ cell accumulation was observed in these mice compared to sham-treated controls. Results from reporter cell lines suggested that acrolein acts via the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor which could be inhibited by resveratrol and 3'-methoxy-4'-nitroflavone Acrolein- stimulation of human PBMCs increased Foxp3+ expression by T cells which could be antagonized by resveratrol. Our mouse and human data thus revealed that acrolein exerts systemic immunosuppression by promoting Foxp3+ regulatory cells. This provides a novel explanation why smokers have a lower allergy, but higher cancer risk.

• MeSH
• akrolein farmakologie   MeSH
• alergeny imunologie   MeSH
• alergie imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• imunologické faktory farmakologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• plíce imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• stilbeny farmakologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• akrolein MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory MeSH
• FOXP3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• imunologické faktory MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH