The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of leaf methanol extracts of fourteen Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) landraces and their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities that could lead to the finding of more effective agents for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. For this purpose, antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests: ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (˙NO) and superoxide (O2˙-) scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, whereas antidiabetic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. To understand the contribution of metabolites, phytochemical screening was also performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) system. Among all, methanol extract of PER09, PER04 and ECU44 landraces exhibited the highest relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI). ECU44 was found to be rich in 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) and 3,5-di-O-CQA and displayed a good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, showing the lowest IC50 values. Flavonoids, instead, seem to be involved in the AChE and BChE inhibition. The results of this study revealed that the bioactive compound content differences could be determinant for the medicinal properties of this plant especially for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

• Keywords
• Smallanthus sonchifolius, anti-cholinesterase activity, anti-diabetic activity, antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile,
• MeSH
• alpha-Amylases antagonists & inhibitors   MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease drug therapy   MeSH
• Antioxidants chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Asteraceae chemistry   MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy   MeSH
• Phenols chemistry   MeSH
• Flavonoids chemistry   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Phytochemicals administration & dosage   chemistry   MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plant Leaves chemistry   MeSH
• Nitric Oxide chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Lipid Peroxidation drug effects   MeSH
• Plant Extracts administration & dosage   chemistry   MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• alpha-Amylases MeSH
• Antioxidants MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors MeSH
• Phenols MeSH
• Flavonoids MeSH
• Phytochemicals MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents MeSH
• Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors MeSH
• Nitric Oxide MeSH
• Plant Extracts MeSH