Laser microdissection (LM) is a powerful tool for various molecular analyses providing pure samples for genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies. Cell subgroups, individual cells, or even chromosomes can be separated via laser beam from complex tissues, visualized under the microscope, and used for subsequent molecular analyses. This technique provides information on nucleic acids and proteins, keeping their spatiotemporal information intact. In short, the slide with tissue is placed under the microscope, imaged by a camera onto a computer screen, where the operator selects cells/chromosomes based on morphology or staining and commands the laser beam to cut the specimen following the selected path. Samples are then collected in a tube and subjected to downstream molecular analysis, such as RT-PCR, next-generation sequencing, or immunoassay.

• Klíčová slova
• Cells, Chromosomes, Cytology, Histology, Microdissection,
• MeSH
• analýza jednotlivých buněk MeSH
• chromozomy MeSH
• genom * MeSH
• laserová záchytná mikrodisekce metody   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The incredible success of crop breeding and agricultural innovation in the last century greatly contributed to the Green Revolution, which significantly increased yields and ensures food security, despite the population explosion. However, new challenges such as rapid climate change, deteriorating soil, and the accumulation of pollutants require much faster responses and more effective solutions that cannot be achieved through traditional breeding. Further prospects for increasing the efficiency of agriculture are undoubtedly associated with the inclusion in the breeding strategy of new knowledge obtained using high-throughput technologies and new tools in the future to ensure the design of new plant genomes and predict the desired phenotype. This article provides an overview of the current state of research in these areas, as well as the study of soil and plant microbiomes, and the prospective use of their potential in a new field of microbiome engineering. In terms of genomic and phenomic predictions, we also propose an integrated approach that combines high-density genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping techniques, which can improve the prediction accuracy of quantitative traits in crop species.

• Klíčová slova
• epigenetics, epigenomics, genome sequencing, genomic prediction, omics, plant microbiome, site-directed mutagenesis, transcriptome,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH