Plesiomonas shigelloides (a bacterium widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems causing both intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases) shows a host of putative virulence markers, such as hemolysins, cytotoxins, production of exoenzymes associated with pathogenicity, adhesive ability and vacuolation of cell lines in vitro. Technical difficulties in detecting some of these virulence factors together with scantiness of epidemiological information, due to the lack of routine analysis for P. shigelloides as etiological agent of gastroenteritis, lead to sporadic and occasional finding of these bacteria. All this casts doubt on the real virulence potential of P. shigelloides and fuels a debate about assignment of these bacteria to the list of human pathogens. Here we demonstrated the phenotypic diversity and the putative virulence markers by examining serotype biochemical and virulence properties of 60 strains of P. shigelloides isolated from human, animal and environmental samples in different countries, which showed the unpredictable occurrence of the above properties depending on various locations and diverse sources.

• MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí * MeSH
• Plesiomonas genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• sérotypizace MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• faktory virulence MeSH

To study molecular mechanisms underlying self-defense of the bacterial pathogen Plesiomonas shigelloides against host inflammatory and immune responses, we evaluated its interactions with mammalian papain-like cathepsins that are essential for host immunity. When grown under anaerobic, but not aerobic, conditions, P. shigelloides was shown to bind and inhibit papain, a model representative of the papain family of cysteine proteinases. This points to mammalian cathepsins as likely physiological targets of a novel cysteine-proteinase inhibitor expressed on bacterial cell surface. Both papain and mammalian cathepsins L and B were inhibited by periplasmic extracts of aerobically and anaerobically grown bacteria, the inhibitory activity being higher in the latter. Inhibition by both intact cells and periplasmic samples was rapid and efficient. The results suggest a possible defensive role of bacterial inhibitors of cathepsins during invasion of a mammalian host. The bacteria thus may modulate host protective responses through inhibiting cathepsins involved in antigen processing and presentation.

• MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální MeSH
• cysteinové endopeptidasy MeSH
• inhibitory cysteinových proteinas metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• kathepsin B antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• kathepsin L MeSH
• kathepsiny antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• papain antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• periplazma metabolismus   MeSH
• Plesiomonas imunologie   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• prezentace antigenu MeSH
• savci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny bakteriální MeSH
• CTSL protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• cysteinové endopeptidasy MeSH
• inhibitory cysteinových proteinas MeSH
• kathepsin B MeSH
• kathepsin L MeSH
• kathepsiny MeSH
• papain MeSH

Phage-typing determination of cell-surface hydrophobicity, motility, and serovar-specific virulence plasmid was performed in a collection of 154 clinical isolates of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (SeT) isolated in Slovakia. All isolates were also examined in PCR for the presence of both stn (enterotoxin) and iroB (siderophore) genes. The DT104 was the definitive phage type most frequently identified (37.7 %), the second most frequently isolated phage type was DT41 (5.8 %); the occurrence of other phage types was not epidemiologically significant. On the basis of virulence-marker investigation, 46.1 % of isolates were hydrophobic in the assay of bacterial adherence to xylene, and 97.4 % were hydrophobic in salt-aggregation test. Motility of more than 50 mm was expressed by 20.8 % isolates. The serovar-specific 90-kb virulence plasmid was contained in 138 (89.6 %) of isolates. All SeT isolates were found (according to PCR) to carry the Salmonella-enterotoxin (stn) gene and the siderophore (iroB) gene. The increasing incidence of SeT DT104 human strains in Slovakia requires continuous attention; this can be markedly improved by surveillance efficiency and made possible by determining relationships between sporadic isolates.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• enterotoxiny genetika   MeSH
• fagotypizace * MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• siderofory genetika   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• enterotoxiny MeSH
• siderofory MeSH