Innate immunity is shaped by a complex of redundant and pleiotropic factors that ensure recognition, alert and suppression of pathogens. Innate immune responses in the gut are complicated by the requirement of parallel tolerance to commensal microflora predominating in cell numbers and species. In normal individuals, the intestinal mucosa together with relevant lymph nodes represents a robust barrier against systemic spread of non-typhoid Salmonella. Contemporary insights into these defense mechanisms are reviewed.

• MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přirozená imunita * MeSH
• Salmonella imunologie   MeSH
• salmonelóza imunologie   MeSH
• slizniční imunita * MeSH
• střevní sliznice imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Using transcriptional promoter fusions, we investigated the expression of selected SPI-1 and SPI-2 genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Promoters of genes related to the invasion of the epithelial cell (hilA, hilC, hilD, invF, sicA, sopA, sopB and sopE2) were active in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium and LB with butyrate but were suppressed by bile salts and in glucose minimal (M9) medium. Genes related to S. Typhimurium intracellular survival (phoP, ssrA, ssaB, ssaG, sifA, sifB and pipB) were characterized by their expression in stationary phase in LB and M9 medium. Activity of phoP and ssrA promoters indicated that these might be expressed inside the gut. SPI-1 genes were expressed on the transition to stationary phase while SPI-2 genes were expressed in stationary phase. Among SPI-1 genes, those with regulatory functions preceded in expression the effector genes and sop genes were expressed in the order of sopA, sopB and sopE2, showing hierarchy in the expression of S. Typhimurium virulence genes.

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií * MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium genetika   růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• salmonelóza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• trans-aktivátory metabolismus   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• HilA protein, Salmonella MeSH Prohlížeč
• kultivační média MeSH
• trans-aktivátory MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH