Hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide are widely used materials in a broad spectrum of branches. Due to their appropriate properties such as a large specific surface area, radiation stability or relatively low toxicity, they could be potentially used as nanocarriers for medicinal radionuclides for diagnostics and therapy. Two radiolabelling strategies of both nanomaterials were carried out by 99mTc for diagnostic purposes and by 223Ra for therapeutic purposes. The first one was the radionuclide sorption on ready-made nanoparticles and the second one was direct radionuclide incorporation into the structure of the nanoparticles. Achieved labelling yields were higher than 94% in all cases. Afterwards, in vitro stability tests were carried out in several solutions: physiological saline, bovine blood plasma, bovine blood serum, 1% and 5% human albumin solutions. In vitro stability studies were performed as short-term (59 h for 223Ra and 31 h for 99mTc) and long-term experiments (five half-lives of 223Ra, approx. 55 days). Both radiolabelled nanoparticles with 99mTc have shown similar released activities (about 20%) in all solutions. The best results were obtained for 223Ra radiolabelled titanium dioxide nanoparticles, where overall released activities were under 6% for 59 h study in all matrices and under 3% for 55 days in a long-term perspective.

• Keywords
• 223Ra, 99mTc, hydroxyapatite, in vitro stability, nanoparticles, radiolabelling, radium, technetium, theranostic, titanium dioxide,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Over the last few years, the development and relevance of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in clinical practice has emerged. MRI using fluorinated probes enables the achievement of a specific signal with high contrast in MRI images. However, to ensure sufficient sensitivity of 19F MRI, fluorine probes with a high content of chemically equivalent fluorine atoms are required. The majority of 19F MRI agents are perfluorocarbon emulsions, which have a broad range of applications in molecular imaging, although the content of fluorine atoms in these molecules is limited. In this review, we focus mainly on polymer probes that allow higher fluorine content and represent versatile platforms with properties tailorable to a plethora of biomedical in vivo applications. We discuss the chemical development, up to the first imaging applications, of these promising fluorine probes, including injectable polymers that form depots that are intended for possible use in cancer therapy.

• Keywords
• 19F MRI probe, Fluorine, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Molecular imaging, Polymer,
• MeSH
• Fluorine chemistry   MeSH
• Fluorocarbons chemistry   MeSH
• Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
• Contrast Media chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Molecular Probes chemistry   MeSH
• Molecular Imaging instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Polymers chemistry   MeSH
• Scattering, Radiation MeSH
• Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism   MeSH
• Light MeSH
• Temperature MeSH
• Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   trends   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Fluorine MeSH
• Fluorocarbons MeSH
• Contrast Media MeSH
• Molecular Probes MeSH
• Polymers MeSH
• Reactive Oxygen Species MeSH

This review summarizes recent progress and developments as well as the most important pitfalls in targeted alpha-particle therapy, covering single alpha-particle emitters as well as in vivo alpha-particle generators. It discusses the production of radionuclides like 211At, 223Ra, 225Ac/213Bi, labelling and delivery employing various targeting vectors (small molecules, chelators for alpha-emitting nuclides and their biomolecular targets as well as nanocarriers), general radiopharmaceutical issues, preclinical studies, and clinical trials including the possibilities of therapy prognosis and follow-up imaging. Special attention is given to the nuclear recoil effect and its impacts on the possible use of alpha emitters for cancer treatment, proper dose estimation, and labelling chemistry. The most recent and important achievements in the development of alpha emitters carrying vectors for preclinical and clinical use are highlighted along with an outlook for future developments.

• Keywords
• 223Ra, actinium, alpha particle, astatine, bismuth, decay, in vivo generators, nuclear recoil, radium, targeted alpha therapy,
• MeSH
• Actinium chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Alpha Particles therapeutic use   MeSH
• Astatine chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Bismuth chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Chelating Agents chemistry   pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Radiation Dosage MeSH
• Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring chemistry   pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Heterocyclic Compounds chemistry   pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Small Molecule Libraries chemistry   pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasms pathology   radiotherapy   MeSH
• Drug Carriers administration & dosage   chemistry   MeSH
• Radiopharmaceuticals chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Radioisotopes chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Radium chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid MeSH Browser
• 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid MeSH Browser
• Actinium-225 MeSH Browser
• Actinium MeSH
• Astatine MeSH
• Astatine-211 MeSH Browser
• Bismuth MeSH
• Bismuth-213 MeSH Browser
• Chelating Agents MeSH
• Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring MeSH
• Heterocyclic Compounds MeSH
• Small Molecule Libraries MeSH
• Drug Carriers MeSH
• Radiopharmaceuticals MeSH
• Radioisotopes MeSH
• Radium-223 MeSH Browser
• Radium MeSH