Despite the natural ability of the immune system to recognize cancer and, in some patients, even to eliminate it, cancer cells have acquired numerous evading mechanisms. With the increasing knowledge and focus shifting from targeting rapidly proliferating cells with chemotherapy to modulating the immune system, there have been recent efforts to integrate (e.g., simultaneously or sequentially) various therapeutic approaches. Combining the oncolytic activity of some chemotherapeutics with immunostimulatory molecules, so-called chemoimmunotherapy, is an attractive strategy. An example of such an immunostimulatory molecule is polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)], a synthetic analogue of double-stranded RNA characterized by rapid nuclease degradation hampering its biological activity. This study investigated the possible interactions of tetracycline and anthracycline chemotherapeutics with different commercial Poly(I:C) molecules and protection against nuclease degradation. Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed an interaction of all of the selected chemotherapeutics with Poly(I:C)s and the ability of doxycycline and minocycline to prolong the resistance to RNase cleavage, respectively. The partial protection was observed in vitro as well.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Viroids are smallest known pathogen that consist of non-capsidated, single-stranded non-coding RNA replicons and they exploits host factors for their replication and propagation. The severe stunting disease caused by Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) is a serious threat, which spreads rapidly within hop gardens. In this study, we employed comprehensive transcriptome analyses to dissect host-viroid interactions and identify gene expression changes that are associated with disease development in hop. Our analysis revealed that CBCVd-infection resulted in the massive modulation of activity of over 2000 genes. Expression of genes associated with plant immune responses (protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase), hypersensitive responses, phytohormone signaling pathways, photosynthesis, pigment metabolism, protein metabolism, sugar metabolism, and modification, and others were altered, which could be attributed to systemic symptom development upon CBCVd-infection in hop. In addition, genes encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, pathogenesis-related protein, chitinase, as well as those related to basal defense responses were up-regulated. The expression levels of several genes identified from RNA sequencing analysis were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Our systematic comprehensive CBCVd-responsive transcriptome analysis provides a better understanding and insights into complex viroid-hop plant interaction. This information will assist further in the development of future measures for the prevention of CBCVd spread in hop fields.

• Klíčová slova
• Citrus bark cracking viroid, differentially expressed genes, hop, pathogen, transcriptome analysis, viroids,
• MeSH
• Humulus genetika   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   virologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné viry genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• viroidy klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH