Extended soil contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represents a global environmental issue that can hardly be addressed with the conventional remediation treatments. Rhizoremediation is a sustainable alternative, exploiting plants to stimulate in situ the degradative bacterial communities naturally occurring in historically polluted areas. This approach can be enhanced by the use of bacterial strains that combine PCB degradation potential with the ability to promote plant and root development. With this aim, we established a collection of aerobic bacteria isolated from the soil of the highly PCB-polluted site "SIN Brescia-Caffaro" (Italy) biostimulated by the plant Phalaris arundinacea. The strains, selected on biphenyl and plant secondary metabolites provided as unique carbon source, were largely dominated by Actinobacteria and a significant number showed traits of interest for remediation, harbouring genes homologous to bphA, involved in the PCB oxidation pathway, and displaying 2,3-catechol dioxygenase activity and emulsification properties. Several strains also showed the potential to alleviate plant stress through 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity. In particular, we identified three Rhodococcus strains able to degrade in vitro several PCB congeners and to promote lateral root emergence in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in vivo. In addition, these strains showed the capacity to colonize the root system and to increase the plant biomass in PCB contaminated soil, making them ideal candidates to sustain microbial-assisted PCB rhizoremediation through a bioaugmentation approach.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis growth & development   microbiology   MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Gene Expression MeSH
• Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Plant Roots growth & development   microbiology   MeSH
• Soil Pollutants metabolism   MeSH
• Carbon-Carbon Lyases genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
• Phalaris growth & development   microbiology   MeSH
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls metabolism   MeSH
• Soil chemistry   MeSH
• Soil Microbiology MeSH
• Rhodococcus enzymology   genetics   MeSH
• Secondary Metabolism genetics   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase MeSH Browser
• Bacterial Proteins MeSH
• Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase MeSH
• Soil Pollutants MeSH
• Carbon-Carbon Lyases MeSH
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH
• Soil MeSH

Using pine needles as a bio-sampler of atmospheric contamination is a relatively cheap and easy method, particularly for remote sites. Therefore, pine needles have been used to monitor a range of semi-volatile contaminants in the air. In the present study, pine needles were used to monitor polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the air at sites with different land use types in Sweden (SW), Czech Republic (CZ), and Slovakia (SK). Spatiotemporal patterns in levels and congener profiles were investigated. Multivariate analysis was used to aid source identification. A comparison was also made between the profile of indicator PCBs (ind-PCBs-PCBs 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) in pine needles and those in active and passive air samplers. Concentrations in pine needles were 220-5100 ng kg(-1) (∑18PCBs - ind-PCBs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs)) and 0.045-1.7 ng toxic equivalent (TEQ) kg(-1) (dry weight (dw)). Thermal sources (e.g., waste incineration) were identified as important sources of PCBs in pine needles. Comparison of profiles in pine needles to active and passive air samplers showed a lesser contribution of lower molecular weight PCBs 28 and 52, as well as a greater contribution of higher molecular weight PCBs (e.g., 180) in pine needles. The dissimilarities in congener profiles were attributed to faster degradation of lower chlorinated congeners from the leaf surface or metabolism by the plant.

• Keywords
• Active and passive samplers, Atmospheric pollution, Bio-sampler, Europe, Pine needle, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Sources, Spatial and temporal distribution,
• MeSH
• Pinus sylvestris chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Dioxins chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Plant Leaves chemistry   MeSH
• Environmental Monitoring methods   MeSH
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Incineration MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Dioxins MeSH
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls MeSH
• Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins MeSH