Bifidobacteria, which commonly inhabit the primate gut, are beneficial contributors to host wellbeing. Anatomical differences and natural habitat allow an arrangement of primates into two main parvorders; New World monkeys (NWM) and Old World monkeys (OWM). The number of newly described bifidobacterial species is clearly elevated in NWM. This corresponds to our finding that bifidobacteria were the dominant group of cultivated gut anaerobes in NWM, while their numbers halved in OWM and were often replaced by Clostridiaceae with sarcina morphology. We examined an extended MALDI-TOF MS database as a potential identification tool for rapid screening of bifidobacterial distribution in captive primates. Bifidobacterial isolates of NWM were assigned mainly to species of primate origin, while OWM possessed typically multi-host bifidobacteria. Moreover, bifidobacterial counts reflected the feed specialization of captive primates decreasing from frugivore-insectivores, gummivore-insectivores, frugivore-folivores to frugivore-omnivores. Amplicon sequencing analysis supported this trend with regards to the inverse ratio of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. In addition, a significantly higher diversity of the bacterial population in OWM was found. The evolution specialization of primates seems to be responsible for Bifidobacterium abundance and species occurrence. Balanced microbiota of captive primates could be supported by optimized prebiotic and probiotic stimulation based on the primate host.

• MeSH
• Bifidobacterium genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Feces microbiology   MeSH
• Microbiota * MeSH
• Primates microbiology   MeSH
• Probiotics MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S MeSH

The activity of antagonistic substances produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactobacillus acidophilus against the planktonic and sessile populations of Staphylococcus aureus strains was demonstrated. The strongest effects were caused by probiotic L. acidophilus strain - bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) positive. However, the S. aureus A3 growth, adhesion and biofilm formation was also limited by cell-free supernatant of L. acidophilus H-1 (BLIS negative). Moreover, competitive direct interactions were observed between staphylococci and the above bacteria, which influenced the formation of dualspecies aggregates on the surface.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism   pharmacology   MeSH
• Antibiosis MeSH
• Bacterial Adhesion drug effects   MeSH
• Bacteriocins metabolism   pharmacology   MeSH
• Biofilms drug effects   MeSH
• Culture Media, Conditioned pharmacology   MeSH
• Lactobacillus acidophilus growth & development   metabolism   physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plankton growth & development   MeSH
• Probiotics MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth & development   metabolism   physiology   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus drug effects   growth & development   physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Bacteriocins MeSH
• Culture Media, Conditioned MeSH

Twenty-five bifidobacteria were isolated from feces of calves. Isolates were identified, and their functional properties and antimicrobial activity were determined. From 10 strains with suitable properties rifampicin-resistant mutants (RRBs) were prepared and mixture of RRBs was administered to 2-d-old calves. These strains were identified by sequencing as Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. animalis (6 strains), B. thermophilum (2 strains), B. choerinum (1 strain) and B. longum ssp. suis (1 strain). The control group was without probiotic treatment. Survival ability of administered bifidobacteria was monitored in fecal samples by cultivation on modified TPY agar supplemented with mupirocin, acetic acid, and rifampicin. Administered bifidobacteria survived in gastrointestinal tract of calves for at least 60 d. Other bacteria were also determined after cultivation using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli dominated in fecal microflora. Significantly lower amounts of E. coli and higher amounts of bifidobacteria and total anaerobes were found in the treated group relative to the control group.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Bacteria classification   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium drug effects   metabolism   physiology   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Feces microbiology   MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology   MeSH
• In Situ Hybridization MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Microbial Viability * MeSH
• Colony Count, Microbial MeSH
• Probiotics administration & dosage   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Cluster Analysis MeSH
• Cattle microbiology   MeSH
• Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle microbiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial MeSH

The "cocktail" of human origin rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria (RRBs) and RRBs from commercial products was administrated to 9 volunteers aged from 22 to 46 years and the survival ability in gastrointestinal tract of these strains was determined. Bifidobacteria represented 0-8 % of total anaerobes detected in gastrointestinal tract of volunteers before the administration of probiotic strains. After the administration of probiotics, bifidobacterial counts increased to 16 % of total bacterial counts. RRBs formed 9-44 % of total counts of bifidobacteria. Then, the counts of RRBs decreased at day 7 after administration, and they were not detected after 14 d. In our study, suitable probiotic bifidobacterial strains for human should be chosen on the basic of in vitro test but the results showed that no strain was able to colonize human tract permanently.

• MeSH
• Bifidobacterium physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Human Experimentation MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbial Viability * MeSH
• Colony Count, Microbial MeSH
• Probiotics administration & dosage   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH