The present study investigated whether neonatal exposure to the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an antibiotic (ATB)-induced dysbiosis in early adulthood could induce neurodevelopmental disorders-like behavioral changes in adult male rats. Combining these two stressors resulted in decreased weight gain, but no significant behavioral abnormalities were observed. LPS treatment resulted in adult rats' hypoactivity and induced anxiety-like behavior in the social recognition paradigm, but these behavioral changes were not exacerbated by ATB-induced gut dysbiosis. ATB treatment seriously disrupted the gut bacterial community, but dysbiosis did not affect locomotor activity, social recognition, and acoustic reactivity in adult rats. Fecal bacterial community analyses showed no differences between the LPS challenge exposed/unexposed rats, while the effect of ATB administration was decisive regardless of prior LPS exposure. ATB treatment resulted in significantly decreased bacterial diversity, suppression of Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, and increases in Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales, and Burkholderiales. The persistent effect of LPS on some aspects of behavior suggests a long-term effect of early toxin exposure that was not observed in ATB-treated animals. However, an anti-inflammatory protective effect of ATB cannot be assumed because of the increased abundance of pro-inflammatory, potentially pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Suttrella) and the elimination of the bacterial families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are generally considered beneficial for gut health.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibiotics, Behavior, Lipopolysaccharide, Microbiome, Rats,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to summarize relationships between two subtypes of major depressive disorder (melancholic and atypical) and four core features of depression that reflect the domains identified consistently in previous studies of major depressive disorder endophenotypes (exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, cognitive control deficits, and somatic symptoms) on the one hand and selected peripheral inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], cytokines, and adipokines) on the other. METHODS: A systematized review was conducted. The database used for searching articles was PubMed (MEDLINE). RESULTS: According to our search, most peripheral immunological markers associated with major depressive disorder are not specific to a single depressive symptom group. The most evident examples are CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. The strongest evidence supports the connection of peripheral inflammatory markers with somatic symptoms; weaker evidence indicates a role of immune changes in altered reward processing. The least amount of evidence was found for the role of peripheral inflammatory markers in exaggerated reactivity to negative information and cognitive control deficits. Regarding the depression subtypes, a tendency for higher CRP and adipokines was observed in atypical depression; increased IL-6 was found in melancholic depression. CONCLUSION: Somatic symptoms of depression could be a manifestation of a specific immunological endophenotype of depressive disorder. Melancholic and atypical depression may be characterized by different profiles of immunological markers.

• Klíčová slova
• Adipokines, Cytokines, Depression, Endophenotypes, Inflammation,
• MeSH
• adipokiny MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• depresivní porucha unipolární * diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pacienti bez organického nálezu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adipokiny MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH