Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 20408846
The specific B-cell depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX) is effective in terms of the treatment of various immune-mediated glomerulopathies. The administration of RTX has been shown to be reliable and highly effective particularly in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis, which is manifested predominantly with non-nephrotic proteinuria. Stable long-term B-cell depletion is usually readily attained in such patients using standard dosing regimens. However, in patients with nephrotic syndrome and non-selective proteinuria, the RTX pharmacokinetics is altered profoundly and RTX does not maintain high enough levels for a sufficiently long period, which may render RTX treatment ineffective. Since complement-derived cytotoxicity is one of the important modes of action of RTX, hypocomplementemia, frequently associated with systemic lupus erythematodes, may act to hamper the efficacy of RTX in the treatment of patients with lupus nephritis. This review provides a description of RTX pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in several selected glomerulopathies, as well as the impact of proteinuria, anti-drug antibodies and other clinical variables on the clearance and volume of distribution of RTX. The impact of plasmapheresis and peritoneal dialysis on the clearance of RTX is also discussed in the paper. A review is provided of the potential association between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in various kidney-affecting glomerular diseases, the sustainability of B-cell depletion and the clinical efficacy of RTX, with proposals for potential dosing implications. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in treatment tailoring is also discussed, and various previously tested RTX dosing schedules are compared in terms of their clinical and laboratory treatment responses. Since alternative anti-CD20 molecules may prove effective in RTX unresponsive patients, their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and current role in the treatment of glomerulopathies are also mentioned.
- Klíčová slova
- ANCA-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, obinutuzumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, vedolizumab,
- MeSH
- antigeny CD20 * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- nemoci ledvin * MeSH
- proteinurie MeSH
- rituximab terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD20 * MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- rituximab MeSH
UNLABELLED: Relationships between patient characteristics, ofatumumab pharmacokinetics, and treatment outcomes were investigated in this phase 2 trial of ofatumumab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 500 or 1000 mg ofatumumab (Cycle 1; 300 mg) plus FC every 4 weeks for six cycles. Median Cmax and Ctrough values were similar at Cycle 1 regardless of the ultimate clinical outcome. At later doses, these values were higher for patients with complete response (CR) than for other patients. Higher Cmax and Ctrough values at Cycles 3 and 6 were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of CR, whereas ofatumumab pharmacokinetics were not associated with an objective response (OR) on the basis of univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses indicated that baseline patient/disease factors were predominantly associated with CR (17p status) or OR (bulky lymphadenopathy, gender, and serum thymidine kinase), rather than ofatumumab pharmacokinetics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00410163).
- Klíčová slova
- Chemoimmunotherapy, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ofatumumab, pharmacokinetics,
- MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie diagnóza farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- indukce remise MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- ofatumumab MeSH Prohlížeč
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- fludarabine-refractory, ofatumumab, pivotal study,
- MeSH
- chemorezistence * MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- protinádorové látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- vidarabin aplikace a dávkování analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fludarabine MeSH Prohlížeč
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- ofatumumab MeSH Prohlížeč
- protinádorové látky MeSH
- vidarabin MeSH