Allosteric modulators of ligand-gated receptor channels induce conformational changes of the entire protein that alter potencies and efficacies for orthosteric ligands, expressed as the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and maximum current amplitude, respectively. Here, we studied the influence of allostery on channel pore dilation, an issue not previously addressed. Experiments were done using the rat P2X4 receptor expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and gated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in the presence and absence of ivermectin (IVM), an established positive allosteric regulator of this channel. In the absence of IVM, this channel activates and deactivates rapidly, does not show transition from open to dilated states, desensitizes completely with a moderate rate, and recovers only fractionally during washout. IVM treatment increases the efficacy of ATP to activate the channel and slows receptor desensitization during sustained ATP application and receptor deactivation after ATP washout. The rescue of the receptor from desensitization temporally coincides with pore dilation, and the dilated channel can be reactivated after washout of ATP. Experiments with vestibular and transmembrane domain receptor mutants further established that IVM has distinct effects on opening and dilation of the channel pore, the first accounting for increased peak current amplitude and the latter correlating with changes in the EC50 and kinetics of receptor deactivation. The corresponding kinetic (Markov state) model indicates that the IVM-dependent transition from open to dilated state is coupled to receptor sensitization, which rescues the receptor from desensitization and subsequent internalization. Allosterically induced sensitization of P2X4R thus provides sustained signaling during prolonged and repetitive ATP stimulation.

• MeSH
• alosterická regulace MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu * MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• ivermektin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2X4 chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ivermektin MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2X4 MeSH

The binding of ATP to trimeric P2X receptors (P2XR) causes an enlargement of the receptor extracellular vestibule, leading to opening of the cation-selective transmembrane pore, but specific roles of vestibule amino acid residues in receptor activation have not been evaluated systematically. In this study, alanine or cysteine scanning mutagenesis of V47-V61 and F324-N338 sequences of rat P2X4R revealed that V49, Y54, Q55, F324, and G325 mutants were poorly responsive to ATP and trafficking was only affected by the V49 mutation. The Y54F and Y54W mutations, but not the Y54L mutation, rescued receptor function, suggesting that an aromatic residue is important at this position. Furthermore, the Y54A and Y54C receptor function was partially rescued by ivermectin, a positive allosteric modulator of P2X4R, suggesting a rightward shift in the potency of ATP to activate P2X4R. The Q55T, Q55N, Q55E, and Q55K mutations resulted in non-responsive receptors and only the Q55E mutant was ivermectin-sensitive. The F324L, F324Y, and F324W mutations also rescued receptor function partially or completely, ivermectin action on channel gating was preserved in all mutants, and changes in ATP responsiveness correlated with the hydrophobicity and side chain volume of the substituent. The G325P mutant had a normal response to ATP, suggesting that G325 is a flexible hinge. A topological analysis revealed that the G325 and F324 residues disrupt a β-sheet upon ATP binding. These results indicate multiple roles of the extracellular vestibule amino acid residues in the P2X4R function: the V49 residue is important for receptor trafficking to plasma membrane, the Y54 and Q55 residues play a critical role in channel gating and the F324 and G325 residues are critical for vestibule widening.

• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• alosterická regulace MeSH
• aminokyseliny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• bodová mutace MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• ivermektin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda terčíkového zámku MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• mutageneze cílená MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2X4 chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
• transfekce MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adenosintrifosfát MeSH
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• ivermektin MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2X4 MeSH