The article deals with an overview of acute extremity compartment syndrome with a focus on the option of non-invasive detection of the syndrome. Acute extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) is an urgent complication that occurs most often in fractures or high-energy injuries. There is still no reliable method for detecting ECS. The only objective measurement method used in clinical practice is an invasive measurement of intramuscular pressure (IMP). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current state of research into non-invasive measurement methods that could allow simple and reliable continuous monitoring of patients at risk of developing ECS. Clinical trials are currently underway to verify the suitability of the most studied method, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is a method for measuring the local oxygenation of muscle compartments. Less explored methods include the use of ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, bioimpedance measurements, and quantitative tissue hardness measurements. Finding a suitable method for continuous non-invasive monitoring of the syndrome would greatly improve the quality of care for patients at risk. ECS must be diagnosed quickly and accurately to prevent irreversible tissue damage that can occur within hours of syndrome onset and may even warrant amputation if neglected.

• Klíčová slova
• acute compartment syndrome, bioimpedance measurement, continuous measurement, detection, non-invasive diagnosis,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The assessment and monitoring of the tissue perfusion is extremely important in critical conditions involving circulatory shock. There is a wide range of established methods for the assessment of cardiac output as a surrogate of oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues. However, the evaluation of whether particular oxygen delivery is sufficient to ensure cellular metabolic demands is more challenging. In recent years, specific biochemical parameters have been described to indicate the status between tissue oxygen demands and supply. In this review, the authors summarize the application of some of these biochemical markers, including mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), lactate, central venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference (PCO2 gap), and PCO2 gap/central arterial-to-venous oxygen difference (Ca-vO2) for hemodynamic assessment of tissue perfusion. The thorough monitoring of the adequacy of tissue perfusion and oxygen supply in critical conditions is essential for the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy and it is associated with improved clinical outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• Circulatory shock, Hemodynamic monitoring, Lactate, Microcirculation, Oxygen saturation, Tissue perfusion,
• MeSH
• arterie metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• blízká infračervená spektroskopie MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• hemodynamika MeSH
• hypoxie MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrocirkulace * MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   MeSH
• oxid uhličitý MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• oxid uhličitý MeSH