INTRODUCTION: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is one of the most common running-related injuries. PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of PF and identify potential risk or protective factors for PF in runners and non-runners. METHODS: Data from 1206 participants from the 4HAIE cohort study (563 females/643 males; 715 runners/491 non-runners; 18-65 yr of age) were included in the analysis. We collected biomechanical data during overground running using a three-dimensional motion capture system at the baseline and running distance data via retrospective questionnaires and followed the participants for 12 months following the baseline data collection. Participants were asked weekly about any sports-related injury (including PF). A binary logistic regression was performed to reveal potential associations between running distance and biomechanical risk factors and PF while controlling for running distance, sex, and age. RESULTS: The total incidence of PF was 2.3% (28 PF from 1206 participants), 2.5% in runners and 2.0% in non-runners ( P = 0.248). Runners who ran more than 40 km·wk -1 had six times higher odds of suffering PF than individuals who ran 6-20 km·wk -1 ( P = 0.009). There was a significant association between maximal ankle adduction and PF; that is, runners with a lower abduction angle during the stance period had higher risk of PF ( P = 0.024). No other biomechanical variables indicated significant associations with PF. CONCLUSIONS: Regular running with a moderate weekly volume and more toeing out of the foot relative to the shank may reduce the risk against PF in runners, which may be useful for researchers, runners, coaches, and health professionals to minimize PF injury risk.

• MeSH
• běh * zranění   fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fasciitida plantární * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   etiologie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The back is subjected to a great deal of strain in many sports. Up to 20% of all sports injuries involve an injury to the lower back or neck. Repetitive or high impact loads (e.g., running, gymnastics, skiing) and weight loading (e.g., weightlifting) affect the lower back. Rotation of the torso (e.g., golf, tennis) causes damage to both, the lumbar and thoracic spine. The cervical spine is most commonly injured in contact sports (e.g., boxing, football). One of the factors that increases the odds of injuries in athletes is excessive and rapid increases in training loads. In spite of currently emerging evidence on this issue, little is known about the balance between physiological loading on the spine and athletic performance, versus overloading and back pain and/or injury in athletes. This scoping review aims (i) to map the literature that addresses the association between the training load and the occurrence of back pain and/or injury, especially between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) and back problems in athletes of individual and team sports, and (ii) to identify gaps in existing literature and propose future research on this topic. A literature search of six electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SportDiscus, and CINAHL) was conducted. A total of 48 research articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings identified that fatigue of the trunk muscles induced by excessive loading of the spine is one of the sources of back problems in athletes. In particular, high training volume and repetitive motions are responsible for the high prevalence rates. The most influential are biomechanical and physiological variations underlying the spine, though stress-related psychological factors should also be considered. However, limited evidence exists on the relationship between the ACWR and back pain or non-contact back injuries in athletes from individual and team sports. This may be due to insufficiently specified the acute and chronic time window that varies according to sport-specific schedule of competition and training. More research is therefore warranted to elucidate whether ACWR, among other factors, is able to identify workloads that could increase the risk of back problems in athletes.

• Klíčová slova
• Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio, back problems, individual sports, team sports, training load,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Over the past thirty years, there has been dramatic increase in incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the athletic population. The purpose of this study was to compare the lower extremity mechanics of Achilles tendon ruptured runners with healthy controls. METHODS: The participants with a past history of an Achilles tendon repair (n = 11) and healthy control (n = 11) subgroups were matched on sex, age, type of regular physical activity, mass, height, footfall pattern and lateral dominancy. Running kinetics and kinematics of the ankle, knee and hip were recorded using a high-speed motion capture system interfaced with a force platform. Achilles tendon length was measured using ultrasonography. Main outcome measures were lower extremity joint angles and moments during stance phase of running and Achilles tendon lengths. RESULTS: Athletes from Achilles tendon group had an affected gastro-soleus complex. Athletes with history of Achilles tendon rupture had reduced ankle range of motion during second half of the stance phase of running (Δ7.6°), an overextended knee during initial contact (Δ5.2°) and increased affected knee range of motion (Δ4.4°) during the first half of stance phase on their affected limb compared to the healthy control group. There was a 22% increase in the maximal hip joint moment on contralateral side of the Achilles tendon group compared to the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a compensation mechanism, relatively extended knee at initial ground contact against the deficit in the muscle-tendon complex of the triceps surae. Overextension during sporting activities may place the knee at risk for further injury. Avoidance of AT lengthening and plantarflexion strength deficit after surgery and during rehabilitation might help to manage AT rupture since these factors may be responsible for altered running kinematics.

• Klíčová slova
• Achilles tendon, Injury, Knee, Ultrasonography,
• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha diagnostické zobrazování   zranění   patofyziologie   MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění šlachy komplikace   epidemiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• ruptura patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• sportovci statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH