Recently, biallelic variants in the SORD gene were identified as causal for axonal hereditary neuropathy (HN). We ascertained the spectrum and frequency of SORD variants among a large cohort of Czech patients with unknown cause of HN. Exome sequencing data were analysed for SORD (58 patients). The prevalent c.757del variant was tested with fragment analysis (931 patients). Sanger sequencing in additional 70 patients was done. PCR primers were designed to amplify the SORD gene with the exclusion of the pseudogene SORD2P. Sequence differences between gene and pseudogene were identified and frequencies of SNPs were calculated. Eighteen patients from 16 unrelated families with biallelic variants in the SORD gene were found and the c.757del was present in all patients on at least one allele. Three novel, probably pathogenic, variants were detected, always in a heterozygous state in combination with the c.757del on the second allele. Patients presented with a slowly progressive axonal HN. Almost all patients had moderate pes cavus deformity. SORD neuropathy is frequent in Czech patients and the third most common cause of autosomal recessive HN. The c.757del is highly prevalent. Specific amplification of the SORD gene with the exclusion of the pseudogene is essential for a precise molecular diagnostics.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hereditární motorické a senzitivní neuropatie * diagnóza   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• sekvenování exomu MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sorbitoldehydrogenasa genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sorbitoldehydrogenasa MeSH

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is an umbrella term for inherited neuropathies affecting an estimated one in 2,500 people. Over 120 CMT and related genes have been identified and clinical gene panels often contain more than 100 genes. Such a large genomic space will invariantly yield variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS) in nearly any person tested. This rise in number of VUS creates major challenges for genetic counseling. Additionally, fewer individual variants in known genes are being published as the academic merit is decreasing, and most testing now happens in clinical laboratories, which typically do not correlate their variants with clinical phenotypes. For CMT, we aim to encourage and facilitate the global capture of variant data to gain a large collection of alleles in CMT genes, ideally in conjunction with phenotypic information. The Inherited Neuropathy Variant Browser provides user-friendly open access to currently reported variation in CMT genes. Geneticists, physicians, and genetic counselors can enter variants detected by clinical tests or in research studies in addition to genetic variation gathered from published literature, which are then submitted to ClinVar biannually. Active participation of the broader CMT community will provide an advance over existing resources for interpretation of CMT genetic variation.

• Klíčová slova
• VUS, database, inherited neuropathy, variants of unknown significance,
• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc genetika   MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• vyhledávač MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Although mutations in more than 90 genes are known to cause CMT, the underlying genetic cause of CMT remains unknown in more than 50% of affected individuals. The discovery of additional genes that harbor CMT2-causing mutations increasingly depends on sharing sequence data on a global level. In this way-by combining data from seven countries on four continents-we were able to define mutations in ATP1A1, which encodes the alpha1 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase, as a cause of autosomal-dominant CMT2. Seven missense changes were identified that segregated within individual pedigrees: c.143T>G (p.Leu48Arg), c.1775T>C (p.Ile592Thr), c.1789G>A (p.Ala597Thr), c.1801_1802delinsTT (p.Asp601Phe), c.1798C>G (p.Pro600Ala), c.1798C>A (p.Pro600Thr), and c.2432A>C (p.Asp811Ala). Immunostaining peripheral nerve axons localized ATP1A1 to the axolemma of myelinated sensory and motor axons and to Schmidt-Lanterman incisures of myelin sheaths. Two-electrode voltage clamp measurements on Xenopus oocytes demonstrated significant reduction in Na+ current activity in some, but not all, ouabain-insensitive ATP1A1 mutants, suggesting a loss-of-function defect of the Na+,K+ pump. Five mutants fall into a remarkably narrow motif within the helical linker region that couples the nucleotide-binding and phosphorylation domains. These findings identify a CMT pathway and a potential target for therapy development in degenerative diseases of peripheral nerve axons.

• Klíčová slova
• ATP1A1, CMT, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Mendelian disease, Na(+),K(+) ATPase, axonal neuropathy, genetic matchmaking,
• MeSH
• Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dominantní geny * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa chemie   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ATP1A1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited neuropathy, a debilitating disease without known cure. Among patients with CMT1A, disease manifestation, progression and severity are strikingly variable, which poses major challenges for the development of new therapies. Hence, there is a strong need for sensitive outcome measures such as disease and progression biomarkers, which would add powerful tools to monitor therapeutic effects in CMT1A. METHODS: We established a pan-European and American consortium comprising nine clinical centres including 311 patients with CMT1A in total. From all patients, the CMT neuropathy score and secondary outcome measures were obtained and a skin biopsy collected. In order to assess and validate disease severity and progression biomarkers, we performed qPCR on a set of 16 animal model-derived potential biomarkers in skin biopsy mRNA extracts. RESULTS: In 266 patients with CMT1A, a cluster of eight cutaneous transcripts differentiates disease severity with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 76.1%, respectively. In an additional cohort of 45 patients with CMT1A, from whom a second skin biopsy was taken after 2-3 years, the cutaneous mRNA expression of GSTT2, CTSA, PPARG, CDA, ENPP1 and NRG1-Iis changing over time and correlates with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we provide evidence that cutaneous transcripts in patients with CMT1A serve as disease severity and progression biomarkers and, if implemented into clinical trials, they could markedly accelerate the development of a therapy for CMT1A.

• Klíčová slova
• Charcot Marie Tooth disease 1A, biomarker, disease progression, disease severity, skin biopsy,
• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc krev   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosfodiesterasy genetika   MeSH
• genetická transkripce genetika   MeSH
• genetické markery genetika   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa genetika   MeSH
• glykoproteiny genetika   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• kathepsin A genetika   MeSH
• kůže patologie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   MeSH
• neuregulin-1 genetika   MeSH
• PPAR gama genetika   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• progrese nemoci * MeSH
• pyrofosfatasy genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CDAN1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• CTSA protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• fosfodiesterasy MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH
• glykoproteiny MeSH
• GSTT2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• kathepsin A MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• neuregulin-1 MeSH
• NRG1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• PPAR gama MeSH
• pyrofosfatasy MeSH