Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) occurs in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome. MASLD may progress from simple steatosis (i.e., hepatic steatosis) to steatohepatitis, characterized by inflammatory changes and liver cell damage, substantially increasing mortality. Lifestyle measures associated with weight loss and/or appropriate diet help reduce liver fat accumulation, thereby potentially limiting progression to steatohepatitis. As for diet, both total energy and macronutrient composition significantly influence the liver's fat content. For example, the type of dietary fatty acids can affect the metabolism of lipids and hence their tissue accumulation, with saturated fatty acids having a greater ability to promote fat storage in the liver than polyunsaturated ones. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (omega-3), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been intensively studied for their antisteatotic effects, both in preclinical animal models of obesity and hepatic steatosis and in overweight/obese patients. Their effects may depend not only on the dose and duration of administration of omega-3, or DHA/EPA ratio, but also on the lipid class used for their supplementation. This review summarizes the available evidence from recent comparative studies using omega-3 supplementation via different lipid classes. Albeit the evidence is mainly limited to preclinical studies, it suggests that phospholipids and possibly wax esters could provide greater efficacy against MASLD compared to traditional chemical forms of omega-3 supplementation (i.e., triacylglycerols, ethyl esters). This cannot be attributed solely to improved EPA and/or DHA bioavailability, but other mechanisms may be involved. Keywords: MASLD • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease • NAFLD • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

• MeSH
• játra * metabolismus   účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater metabolismus   farmakoterapie   dietoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   farmakoterapie   dietoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny * aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• ztučnělá játra metabolismus   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny * MeSH

Preclinical evidence suggests that n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA (Omega-3) supplemented as phospholipids (PLs) may be more effective than triacylglycerols (TAGs) in reducing hepatic steatosis. To further test the ability of Omega-3 PLs to alleviate liver steatosis, we used a model of exacerbated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on high-fat feeding at thermoneutral temperature. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 24 weeks a lard-based diet given either alone (LHF) or supplemented with Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) as PLs (krill oil; ω3PL) or TAGs (Epax 3000TG concentrate; ω3TG), which had a similar total content of EPA and DHA and their ratio. Substantial levels of TAG accumulation (~250 mg/g) but relatively low inflammation/fibrosis levels were achieved in the livers of control LHF mice. Liver steatosis was reduced by >40% in the ω3PL but not ω3TG group, and plasma ALT levels were markedly reduced (by 68%) in ω3PL mice as well. Krill oil administration also improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, and its effects were associated with high plasma adiponectin levels (150% of LHF mice) along with superior bioavailability of EPA, increased content of alkaloids stachydrine and trigonelline, suppression of lipogenic gene expression, and decreased diacylglycerol levels in the liver. This study reveals that in addition to Omega-3 PLs, other constituents of krill oil, such as alkaloids, may contribute to its strong antisteatotic effects in the liver.

• Klíčová slova
• C57BL/6N mice, NAFLD, high-fat diet, krill oil, obesity, omega-3, phospholipids, thermoneutral temperature,
• MeSH
• bydlení zvířat MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Euphausiacea MeSH
• fosfolipidy farmakologie   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• obezita etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• rybí oleje farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• rybí oleje MeSH