PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Resistant hypertension is a common clinical situation. Identification of true resistant hypertension (using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to exclude white coat phenomenon, excluding secondary causes and non-adherence to treatment) is important mostly because of the application of a proper therapeutic approach and the higher cardiovascular risk of these patients. This review surveys recent studies, with a focus on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, including spironolactone, in the treatment of resistant hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: A range of randomized and non-randomized studies have proved the efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, including spironolactone. However, long-term mortality studies are still missing for the hypertensive population. In the case of spironolactone side effects, higher doses of amiloride or eplerenone might be used. Based on available data and our own experience, spironolactone (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) should be involved, if tolerated, in combination therapy in true resistant hypertensive patients. Spironolactone still represents primary therapeutic modality under specific conditions of primary aldosteronism.

• Keywords
• Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Resistant hypertension, Spironolactone,
• MeSH
• Diuretics therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hypertension drug therapy   MeSH
• Drug Resistance MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meta-Analysis as Topic MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Spironolactone therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Diuretics MeSH
• Spironolactone MeSH