Synchronous cell populations are commonly used for the analysis of various aspects of cellular metabolism at specific stages of the cell cycle. Cell synchronization at a chosen cell cycle stage is most frequently achieved by inhibition of specific metabolic pathway(s). In this respect, various protocols have been developed to synchronize cells in particular cell cycle stages. In this review, we provide an overview of the protocols for cell synchronization of mammalian cells based on the inhibition of synthesis of DNA building blocks-deoxynucleotides and/or inhibition of DNA synthesis. The mechanism of action, examples of their use, and advantages and disadvantages are described with the aim of providing a guide for the selection of suitable protocol for different studied situations.

• Klíčová slova
• DNA replication, S phase, cell cycle, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates synthesis, ribonucleotide reductase, thymidine, thymidylate synthase,
• MeSH
• buněčné dělení * MeSH
• buněčný cyklus * MeSH
• DNA antagonisté a inhibitory   biosyntéza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• replikace DNA * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH

The replication of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are basic processes assuring the doubling of the genetic information of eukaryotic cells. In research of the basic principles of DNA replication, and also in the studies focused on the cell cycle, an important role is played by artificially-prepared nucleoside and nucleotide analogues that serve as markers of newly synthesized DNA. These analogues are incorporated into the DNA during DNA replication, and are subsequently visualized. Several methods are used for their detection, including the highly popular click chemistry. This review aims to provide the readers with basic information about the various possibilities of the detection of replication activity using nucleoside and nucleotide analogues, and to show the strengths and weaknesses of those different detection systems, including click chemistry for microscopic studies.

• Klíčová slova
• click chemistry, indirect immunocytochemistry, isotopes, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues,
• MeSH
• click chemie MeSH
• DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• halogenace MeSH
• hybridizace in situ MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• izotopové značení MeSH
• měď chemie   MeSH
• nukleosidy chemie   MeSH
• nukleotidy chemie   MeSH
• radionuklidy MeSH
• replikace DNA * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH
• měď MeSH
• nukleosidy MeSH
• nukleotidy MeSH
• radionuklidy MeSH