OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has become a worldwide public health concern over the past decade, counting Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the lack of standardized surveillance data on childhood obesity. However, BiH and its entity, Republic of Srpska (RS), are failing inclusion in such initiative, which hinders efforts to monitor and address the issue. Henceforth, the objective of this nationally funded study was to gather and analyse data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary-school children in RS by implementing the COSI methodology. METHODS: Weight, height, and BMI of first, second, and third grade children (aged 6-8), from 11 schools (N = 2,030) in the RS region was analysed according to the standardized COSI protocol. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of overall overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) observed were 14.37% (OW 9.09%, OB 5.21%). No gender-related differences were noted (boys 14.36%, girls 14.88%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a concerning trend of increasing overweight and obesity prevalence with age among primary-school children in the RS.

• Klíčová slova
• COSI, body mass index, childhood obesity, elementary school,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha * epidemiologie   MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• surveillance populace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bosna a Hercegovina epidemiologie   MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has become a global public health issue, which impacts general health and the brain. Associations between obesity and white matter microstructure measured using diffusion tensor imaging have been under reviewed, despite a relatively large number of individual studies. Our objective was to determine the association between obesity and white matter microstructure in a large general population sample. METHODS: We analyzed location of brain white matter changes in obesity using the Anisotropic Effect Size Seed-based d Mapping (AES-SDM) method in a voxel-based meta-analysis, with validation in a region of interest (ROI) effect size meta-analysis. Our sample included 21 742 individuals from 51 studies. RESULTS: The voxel-based spatial meta-analysis demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) with obesity in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncles, anterior thalamic radiation, cortico-spinal projections, and cerebellum. The ROI effect size meta-analysis replicated associations between obesity and lower FA in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncles. Effect size of obesity related brain changes was small to medium. DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate obesity related brain white matter changes are localized rather than diffuse. Better understanding the brain correlates of obesity could help identify risk factors, and targets for prevention or treatment of brain changes.

• Klíčová slova
• diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy, magnetic resonance imaging, meta-analysis, obesity, white matter microstructure,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: To date, no longitudinal study using a compositional approach has examined sedentary behavior (SB) patterns in relation to adiposity in the pediatric population. Therefore, our aims were to (1) investigate the changes in SB patterns and adiposity from childhood to adolescence, (2) analyze the prospective compositional associations between changes in SB patterns and adiposity, and (3) estimate the changes in adiposity associated with substituting SB with physical activity (PA) of different intensities. METHODS: The study presents a longitudinal design with a 5-year follow-up. A total of 88 participants (61% girls) were included in the analysis. PA and SB were monitored for seven consecutive days using a hip-worn accelerometer. Adiposity markers (fat mass percentage [FM%], fat mass index [FMI], and visceral adiposity tissue [VAT]) were assessed using the multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis. The prospective associations were examined using compositional data analysis. RESULTS: Over the follow-up period, the proportion of time spent in total SB increased by 154.8 min/day (p < 0.001). The increase in total SB was caused mainly by an increase in middle and long sedentary bouts, as these SB periods increased by 79.8 min/day and 62.0 min/day (p < 0.001 for both), respectively. FM%, FMI, and VAT increased by 2.4% points, 1.0 kg/m2, and 31.5 cm2 (p < 0.001 for all), respectively. Relative to the remaining movement behaviors, the increase in time spent in middle sedentary bouts was significantly associated with higher FM% (βilr1 = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.53) at follow-up. Lower VAT by 3.3% (95% CI: 0.8 to 5.7), 3.8% (95% CI: 0.03 to 7.4), 3.9% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.9), and 3.8% (95% CI: 0.7 to 6.9) was associated with substituting 15 min/week spent in total SB and in short, middle, and long sedentary bouts, respectively, with an equivalent amount of time spent in vigorous PA. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed unfavorable changes in SB patterns and adiposity status in the transition from childhood to adolescence. Incorporating high-intensity PA at the expense of SB appears to be an appropriate approach to reduce the risk of excess adiposity in the pediatric population.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescent, Child, Fat mass, Fat mass index, Movement behaviors, Physical activity, Prolonged sitting, Sedentary lifestyle, Visceral adipose tissue,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Parents can act as important agents of change and support for healthy childhood growth and development. Studies have found that parents may not be able to accurately perceive their child's weight status. The purpose of this study was to measure parental perceptions of their child's weight status and to identify predictors of potential parental misperceptions. METHODS: We used data from the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative and 22 countries. Parents were asked to identify their perceptions of their children's weight status as "underweight," "normal weight," "a little overweight," or "extremely overweight." We categorized children's (6-9 years; n = 124,296) body mass index (BMI) as BMI-for-age Z-scores based on the 2007 WHO-recommended growth references. For each country included in the analysis and pooled estimates (country level), we calculated the distribution of children according to the WHO weight status classification, distribution by parental perception of child's weight status, percentages of accurate, overestimating, or underestimating perceptions, misclassification levels, and predictors of parental misperceptions using a multilevel logistic regression analysis that included only children with overweight (including obesity). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15 1. RESULTS: Overall, 64.1% of parents categorized their child's weight status accurately relative to the WHO growth charts. However, parents were more likely to underestimate their child's weight if the child had overweight (82.3%) or obesity (93.8%). Parents were more likely to underestimate their child's weight if the child was male (adjusted OR [adjOR]: 1.41; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.28-1.55); the parent had a lower educational level (adjOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.26-1.57); the father was asked rather than the mother (adjOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98-1.33); and the family lived in a rural area (adjOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99-1.24). Overall, parents' BMI was not strongly associated with the underestimation of children's weight status, but there was a stronger association in some countries. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Our study supplements the current literature on factors that influence parental perceptions of their child's weight status. Public health interventions aimed at promoting healthy childhood growth and development should consider parents' knowledge and perceptions, as well as the sociocultural contexts in which children and families live.

• Klíčová slova
• Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative, Childhood obesity, Parental perceptions, Weight, World Health Organization/Europe,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary non-shivering thermogenesis organ in mammals, which plays essential roles in maintaining the body temperature of infants. Although the development of BAT during embryogenesis has been well addressed in rodents, how BAT grows after birth remains unknown. Using mouse interscapular BAT (iBAT) as an example, we studied the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate postnatal BAT growth. By analyzing the developmental dynamics of brown adipocytes (BAs), we found that BAs size enlargement partially accounts for iBAT growth. By investigating the BAs cell cycle activities, we confirmed the presence of proliferative BAs in the neonatal mice. Two weeks after birth, most of the BAs exit cell cycle, and the further expansion of the BAT was mainly due to lipogenesis-mediated BAs volume increase. Microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses suggest that most BAs are mononuclear and diploid. Based on the developmental dynamics of brown adipocytes, we propose that the murine iBAT has two different growth phases between birth and weaning: increase of BAs size and number in the first two weeks, and BAs size enlargement thereafter. In summary, our data demonstrate that both lipogenesis and proliferation of BAs contribute to postnatal iBAT growth in mice.

• MeSH
• energetický metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• hnědá tuková tkáň růst a vývoj   MeSH
• hnědé tukové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lipogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících metabolismus   MeSH
• proliferace buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• termogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• velikost buňky MeSH
• zvětšování buněk * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• triglyceridy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to bridge the research gap in the countries of Central Europe using the family dyad approach to examine the associations of parents' overweight/obesity, physical activity (PA), and screen time (ST) with excessive body weight in their offspring. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 1101 parent-child dyads (648/453 mother/father-child aged 4-16) selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight categories, weekly PA (Yamax pedometer), ST (family logbook) collected over a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn seasons between 2013 and 2019. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify which of parents' lifestyle indicators were associated with the overweight/obesity of their offspring. RESULTS: The mother's overweight/obesity significantly increases her children's odds of overweight/obesity. Concerning fathers, active participation in organized leisure-time PA and reaching 10,000 steps per day significantly reduce the odds of overweight/obesity in their children and adolescent offspring. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative effect of parental participation in organized leisure-time PA with their own family-related PA can be a natural means of preventing the development of overweight/obesity in their offspring.

• Klíčová slova
• Family, Nuclear family triads, Organized leisure-time physical activity, Overweight/obesity, Parent–child dyads, Step counts,
• MeSH
• aktigrafie MeSH
• čas strávený před obrazovkou * MeSH
• cvičení psychologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rodiče psychologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost * MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH