BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies that investigated alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of bladder cancer (BCa) have demonstrated inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the association of alcohol including different types of alcoholic beverages consumption with the risk of BCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of Web of Science, Medline/PubMed and Cochrane library was performed in May 2018. Studies were considered eligible if they assessed the risk of BCa due to alcohol consumption (moderate or heavy dose) and different types of alcoholic beverages (moderate or heavy dose) in multivariable analysis in the general population (all genders, males or females) or compared with a control group of individuals without BCa. STUDY DESIGN: observational cohorts or case-control. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Moderate and heavy alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of BCa in the entire population. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses revealed that heavy alcohol consumption increased significantly the risk of BCa in the Japanese population, RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.08-1.58, P < 0.01) in the multivariable analysis, and in males RR of 1.50 (95% CI 1.18-1.92, P < 0.01), with no significant statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, heavy consumption of spirits drinks increased the risk of BCa in males, RR 1.42 (95% CI 1.15-1.75, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of bladder cancer significantly. However, heavy consumption of alcohol might increase the risk of BCa in males and in some specific populations.

• Klíčová slova
• Alcohol consumption, Bladder cancer, Cancer risk,
• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

PURPOSE: Upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively uncommon disease with limited available evidence on specific topics. The purpose of this article was to review the previous literature to summarize the current knowledge about UTUC epidemiology, diagnosis, preoperative evaluation and prognostic assessment. METHODS: Using MEDLINE, a non-systematic review was performed including articles between January 2000 and February 2016. English language original articles, reviews and editorials were selected based on their clinical relevance. RESULTS: UTUC accounts for 5-10 % of all urothelial cancers, with an increasing incidence. UTUC and bladder cancer share some common risk factors, even if they are two different entities regarding practical, biological and clinical characteristics. Aristolochic acid plays an important role in UTUC pathogenesis in certain regions. It is further estimated that approximately 10 % of UTUC are part of the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer spectrum disease. UTUC diagnosis remains mainly based on imaging and endoscopy, but development of new technologies is rapidly changing the diagnosis algorithm. To help the decision-making process regarding surgical treatment, extent of lymphadenectomy and selection of neoadjuvant systemic therapies, predictive tools based on preoperative patient and tumor characteristics have been developed. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, preoperative evaluation and prognostic assessment changes is essential to correctly diagnose and manage UTUC patients, thereby potentially improving their outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• Diagnosis, Epidemiology, New technologies, Predictive tools, Prognosis, Risk factor, UTUC,
• MeSH
• dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory epidemiologie   MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• kyseliny aristolochové metabolismus   MeSH
• ledvinná pánvička diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfadenektomie MeSH
• nádory ledvin diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
• předoperační péče MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• ureteroskopie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aristolochic acid I MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny aristolochové MeSH