The aim of this study was to assess pit latrine samples from a peri-urban community in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) for the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus spp. Standard procedures were used to isolate Staphylococcus spp. from pit latrine fecal sludge samples, with confirmation at genus level by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sixty-eight randomly selected pit latrine Staphylococcus spp. isolates were further characterized by using established disk diffusion procedures. An average Staphylococcus spp. count of 2.1 × 105 CFU per g fecal material was established using two randomly selected pit latrine samples. Of the 68-selected Staphylococcus spp. pit latrine isolates, 49% were identified as coagulase positive, 51% as coagulase negative and 65% (12 coagulase positive, 32 coagulase negative isolates) were categorized as MDR. The majority (66/68) of Staphylococcus spp. isolates displayed resistance to fusidic acid while only 5/68 isolates displayed resistance to chloramphenicol. The pit latrine samples analyzed in this study are a source of MDR Staphylococcus spp., highlighting the need for proper hygiene and sanitation regimes in rural communities using these facilities.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koagulasa metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• odpadní vody mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus účinky léků   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toalety * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• koagulasa MeSH
• odpadní vody MeSH

A total of 39 coagulase-negative staphylococci and seven Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from small mammal feces, i.e., the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis) in two sampling areas, deciduous forest and karst plains. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed five species of coagulase-negative staphylococci: S. sciuri, S. hominis, S. warneri, S. haemolyticus, and S. xylosus. All strains were susceptible to tetracycline, linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Three MRSA strains with the mecA gene were detected. The beta-lactamase gene blaZ was detected in ampicillin-resistant staphylococci and in the high-level resistant strains (oxacillin over 2 mg/L) mecA gene. The mecC gene was not detected by PCR. Erythromycin-resistant staphylococci harbored the ermC gene and/or the efflux gene msrA. There were no detectable dfr genes in trimethoprim-resistant staphylococci and the rifampicin-resistant strains were without mutation in the rpoB gene. In summary, wild small mammals may serve as sentinels of mecA-positive S. aureus with erythromycin resistance genes ermC and efflux msrA. Small mammals appear to be useful indicators of antibiotic resistance.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• divoká zvířata MeSH
• hlodavci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koagulasa analýza   MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• koagulasa MeSH