PURPOSE: Patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) are virtually insensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) employed as standalone therapeutics, at least in part reflecting microenvironmental immunosuppression. Thus, conventional chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer agents that not only mediate cytotoxic effects but also promote the recruitment of immune effector cells to the HGSOC microenvironment stand out as promising combinatorial partners for ICIs in this oncological indication. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We harnessed a variety of transcriptomic, spatial, and functional assays to characterize the differential impact of neoadjuvant paclitaxel-carboplatin on the immunological configuration of paired primary and metastatic HGSOC biopsies as compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)-naïve HGSOC samples from five independent patient cohorts. RESULTS: We found NACT-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress and calreticulin exposure in metastatic HGSOC lesions culminates with the establishment of a dense immune infiltrate including follicular T cells (TFH cells), a prerequisite for mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation. In this context, TLS maturation was associated with an increased intratumoral density of ICI-sensitive TCF1+PD1+ CD8+ T cells over their ICI-insensitive TIM-3+PD1+ counterparts. Consistent with this notion, chemotherapy coupled with a PD1-targeting ICI provided a significant survival benefit over either therapeutic approach in syngeneic models of HGSOC bearing high (but not low) tumor mutational burden. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our findings suggest that NACT promotes TLS formation and maturation in HGSOC lesions, de facto preserving an intratumoral ICI-sensitive T-cell phenotype. These observations emphasize the role of rational design, especially relative to the administration schedule, for clinical trials testing chemotherapy plus ICIs in patients with HGSOC. See related commentary by Bravo Melgar and Laoui, p. 10.

• MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty * imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• ektopické lymfoidní struktury * imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• hepatocytární jaderný faktor 1-alfa * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory kontrolních bodů * terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• karboplatina aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí * imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * farmakoterapie   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie metody   MeSH
• paclitaxel aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• serózní cystadenokarcinom farmakoterapie   patologie   imunologie   MeSH
• stres endoplazmatického retikula účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hepatocytární jaderný faktor 1-alfa * MeSH
• inhibitory kontrolních bodů * MeSH
• karboplatina MeSH
• paclitaxel MeSH