In dystonic and spastic movement disorders, however different in their pathophysiological mechanisms, a similar impairment of sensorimotor control with special emphasis on afferentation is assumed. Peripheral intervention on afferent inputs evokes plastic changes within the central sensorimotor system. Intramuscular application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a standard evidence-based treatment for both conditions. Apart from its peripheral action on muscle spindles, a growing body of evidence suggests that BoNT-A effects could also be mediated by changes at the central level including cerebral cortex. We review recent studies employing electrophysiology and neuroimaging to investigate how intramuscular application of BoNT-A influences cortical reorganization. Based on such data, BoNT-A becomes gradually accepted as a promising tool to correct the maladaptive plastic changes within the sensorimotor cortex. In summary, electrophysiology and especially neuroimaging studies with BoNT-A further our understanding of pathophysiology underlying dystonic and spastic movement disorders and may consequently help develop novel treatment strategies based on neural plasticity.

• Klíčová slova
• botulinum toxin, dystonia, electrophysiology, functional magnetic resonance imaging, neural plasticity, spasticity,
• MeSH
• botulotoxiny typu A škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dystonie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly inervace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervosvalové látky škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• neuroplasticita účinky léků   MeSH
• obnova funkce MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• botulotoxiny typu A MeSH
• nervosvalové látky MeSH