In this review, we discuss the role of pulmonary surfactant in the host defense against respiratory pathogens, including novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In the lower respiratory system, the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in conjunction with serine protease TMPRSS2, expressed by alveolar type II (ATII) cells as one of the SARS-CoV-2 target cells, to enter. ATII cells are the main source of surfactant. After their infection and the resulting damage, the consequences may be severe and may include injury to the alveolar-capillary barrier, lung edema, inflammation, ineffective gas exchange, impaired lung mechanics and reduced oxygenation, which resembles acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of other etiology. The aim of this review is to highlight the key role of ATII cells and reduced surfactant in the pathogenesis of the respiratory form of COVID-19 and to emphasize the rational basis for exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19 ARDS patients.

• MeSH
• angiotensin-konvertující enzym 2 metabolismus   MeSH
• COVID-19 imunologie   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• internalizace viru MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plíce účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• plicní surfaktanty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• pneumocyty účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• proteiny asociované s plicním surfaktantem metabolismus   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• virové receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ACE2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• angiotensin-konvertující enzym 2 MeSH
• plicní surfaktanty MeSH
• proteiny asociované s plicním surfaktantem MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy MeSH
• TMPRSS2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• virové receptory MeSH

The sinonasal mucosa has an essential role in defense mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract. The innate immune system presents the primary defense against noxious microorganisms followed by induction of the adaptive immune mechanisms as a consequence of the presence of pathogens. This well-known activation of adaptive immune system in response to presence of the antigen on mucosal surfaces is now broadly applicated in vaccinology research. Prevention of infectious diseases belongs to substantial challenges in maintaining the population health. Non-invasive, easily applicable mucosal vaccination purposes various research opportunities that could be usable in daily practice. However, the existence of multiple limitations such as rapid clearance of vaccine from nasal mucosa by means of mucociliary transport represents a great challenge in development of safe and efficient vaccines. Here we give an updated view on nasal functions with focus on nasal mucosal immunity and its potential application in vaccination in nearly future.

• MeSH
• aplikace intranazální MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nosní sliznice účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• respirační sliznice účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• sliznice hrtanu účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• slizniční imunita účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• trachea účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny MeSH