The complex phenomenological understanding of dystonia has transcended from the clinics to genetics, imaging and neurophysiology. One way in which electrophysiology will impact into the clinics are cases wherein a dystonic clinical presentation may not be typical or a "forme fruste" of the disorder. Indeed, the physiological imprints of dystonia are present regardless of its clinical manifestation. Underpinnings in the understanding of dystonia span from the peripheral, segmental and suprasegmental levels to the cortex, and various electrophysiological tests have been applied in the course of time to elucidate the origin of dystonia pathophysiology. While loss of inhibition remains to be the key finding in this regard, intricacies and variabilities exist, thus leading to a notion that perhaps dystonia should best be gleaned as network disorder. Interestingly, the complex process has now spanned towards the understanding in terms of networks related to the cerebellar circuitry and the neuroplasticity. What is evolving towards a better and cohesive view will be neurophysiology attributes combined with structural dynamic imaging. Such a sound approach will significantly lead to better therapeutic modalities in the future.

• Klíčová slova
• Brain plasticity, Dystonia, Network disorder, Neurophysiology,
• MeSH
• dystonické poruchy * MeSH
• dystonie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozeček MeSH
• mozková kůra MeSH
• neurofyziologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The cerebellum has a striking homogeneous cytoarchitecture and participates in both motor and non-motor domains. Indeed, a wealth of evidence from neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging and clinical studies has substantially modified our traditional view on the cerebellum as a sole calibrator of sensorimotor functions. Despite the major advances of the last four decades of cerebellar research, outstanding questions remain regarding the mechanisms and functions of the cerebellar circuitry. We discuss major clues from both experimental and clinical studies, with a focus on rodent models in fear behaviour, on the role of the cerebellum in motor control, on cerebellar contributions to timing and our appraisal of the pathogenesis of cerebellar tremor. The cerebellum occupies a central position to optimize behaviour, motor control, timing procedures and to prevent body oscillations. More than ever, the cerebellum is now considered as a major actor on the scene of disorders affecting the CNS, extending from motor disorders to cognitive and affective disorders. However, the respective roles of the mossy fibres, the climbing fibres, cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei remains unknown or partially known at best in most cases. Research is now moving towards a better definition of the roles of cerebellar modules and microzones. This will impact on the management of cerebellar disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• Anatomy, Cerebellum, Cognition, Fear, History, Motor, Timing, Tremor,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH