Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a serious, progressive eye condition seen in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. GO is characterized by inflammation and swelling of soft orbital tissues. Adipose tissue produces cytokine mediators called adipokines. The present study focuses on the relationship between serum levels of selected adipokines in patients with GO, comparing them with the control group, and uniquely describes the effect of high-dose systemic corticosteroids (HDSC) on their levels. For the purposes of this study, we collected blood samples before and after the treatment with HDSC from 60 GO patients and 34 control subjects and measured serum levels of adiponectin, AIF-1, A-FABP and FGF-21. Levels of adiponectin significantly differed among the three study groups (ANOVA p = 0.03). AIF-1 levels were also significantly different among the study groups (ANOVA p < 0.0001). AIF-1 was significantly associated with the presence of GO after adjusting for clinical factors (age, sex, smoking and BMI) and level of TSH (odds ratio 1.003, p < 0.01). This finding could enforce targeting macrophages in treatment strategies for GO since AIF-1 is considered as a marker of their activation.

• Keywords
• Graves’ orbitopathy, adipokines, methylprednisolone,
• MeSH
• Adipokines MeSH
• Cytokines MeSH
• Graves Ophthalmopathy * drug therapy   MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Inflammation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Adipokines MeSH
• Cytokines MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones MeSH

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. There are increasing clinical and experimental data showing that obesity, especially visceral adiposity, plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Obesity seems to be an important risk factor also for IBD disease severity and clinical outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue is an active multifunctional metabolic organ involved in lipid storage and immunological and endocrine activity. Bowel inflammation penetrates the surrounding adipose tissue along the mesentery. Mesenteric fat serves as a barrier to inflammation and controls immune responses to the translocation of gut bacteria. At the same time, mesenteric adipose tissue may be the principal source of cytokines and adipokines responsible for inflammatory processes associated with IBD. This review is particularly focusing on the potential role of adipokines in IBD pathogenesis and their possible use as promising therapeutic targets.

• Keywords
• adipokines, inflammatory bowel disease, mesenteric fat, microbiome, visceral obesity,
• MeSH
• Obesity, Abdominal immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Adipokines metabolism   MeSH
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Intra-Abdominal Fat immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Adipose Tissue immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Adipokines MeSH

BACKGROUNDS: Adiponectin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) are adipokines closely associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to compare their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy controls and determine their relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS: Women with GDM, T2DM and healthy women were included in this cross-sectional study. In addition to adipokines, anthropometric, lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance and glucose control were assessed in all participants. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls (n = 35) significantly lower levels of adiponectin were detected in women with GDM (n = 50), whereas in women with T2DM (n = 50) higher levels of A-FABP and WISP-1 and lower levels of adiponectin were found. Women with T2DM had also lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of A-FABP compared to women with GDM. A-FABP and adiponectin were independently associated with levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and C-peptide insulin resistance index. WISP-1 correlated only with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse adipokines production reflecting dysfunctional fat tissue is less presented in women with GDM than in women with T2DM, but more expressed compared to healthy women.

• Keywords
• Adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein, Adiponectin, Gestational diabetes, Insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1,
• MeSH
• Adipokines * blood   MeSH
• Adiponectin MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 * metabolism   MeSH
• Diabetes, Gestational * metabolism   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Adipokines * MeSH
• Adiponectin MeSH