OBJECTIVES: This systematic review seeks to present and compare data from studies evaluating the success of medium-term inpatient treatment of alcohol-dependent patients in the Czech Republic. Another aim was to identify the problems that make such comparisons difficult. No previous review comparing the efficiency of various therapeutic programmes has been published in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Bibliographia medica Čechoslovaca and PubMed were used to find studies published in professional medical journals since 1970 evaluating the abstinence of patients who voluntarily completed medium-term inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence. RESULTS: Medium-term inpatient treatment of alcohol addiction leads to one year of abstinence in 34% to 76% of patients. Such variance in value is largely caused by selection bias, differences in the definition of abstinence, and differences in data collection methods. CONCLUSION: The comparison of studies presented many challenges. Further steps should be taken to help compare treatment programmes in the future, as the programmes provide different therapeutic interventions of different intensities and lengths to different patients. Adequate demographic and other pretreatment characteristics data collection, detailed descriptions of therapeutic interventions, and identification of effective components of the therapeutic programme could support further research in this area, optimize existing programmes, and increase the overall treatment efficiency.

• Keywords
• addiction treatment effectiveness, alcohol dependence, alcoholism, inpatient addiction treatment, treatment of alcohol addiction,
• MeSH
• Alcoholism * MeSH
• Ethanol MeSH
• Hospitalization MeSH
• Inpatients MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Ethanol MeSH

The main objective of the research was to examine the associations between problematic alcohol use, tobacco use and cannabis use among Czech and Slovak university students during the early COVID-19 pandemic. The research sample consisted of 1422 participants from the Czech Republic (CZ) and 1677 from the Slovak Republic (SK). The analyses included university students who drank alcohol in the past year (CZ: 1323 (93%); SK: 1526 (91%)). Regarding the analysed measures, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its subscales, the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) and the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) were selected to identify substance-related behaviour. Age, gender and residence were included in the analyses as socio-demographic variables. Correlation and regression analyses were used to achieve the main objective of the research. The main results revealed that the use of tobacco and cannabis were positively associated with alcohol use disorders among Czech and Slovak university students. Additionally, males were more likely to report alcohol use disorders. In the Czech Republic, it was found that students living in dormitories were characterized by a lower AUDIT score. The opposite situation was found in the Slovak Republic. Czech and Slovak policy-makers are encouraged to develop alcohol use prevention programs for university students in line with these findings.

• Keywords
• COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol dependence, cannabis, marijuana, smoking, socio-demographic, substance use, tobacco, young adults,
• MeSH
• Alcoholism * MeSH
• Cannabis * MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• Demography MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• Alcohol Drinking MeSH
• Substance-Related Disorders * epidemiology   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Students MeSH
• Universities MeSH
• Tobacco Use MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH
• Slovakia epidemiology   MeSH