PURPOSE: Arterial variations of the upper limb may bear high importance for many clinical procedures, including the use of flaps in plastic surgery. We present a feasible way for visualization and confirmation of presence of these variations. METHODS: All variations were detected by ultrasonography and confirmed by Color Doppler Imaging. Proper documentation was taken in order to present our findings. RESULTS: We report a case of a 19-year-old female who showed two concomitant arterial variations of the forearm and the hand bilaterally. These two variations were the persistent median artery and the superficial dorsal branch of the radial artery which both significantly contributed to the blood supply of the hand. All examinations were performed by the same investigator and all findings were reviewed by an experienced sonographist. CONCLUSION: An unusual arrangement of the arterial system can be easily detected. We present a feasible way to prevent iatrogenic injuries and increase utilization of anatomical variants knowledge in surgery by using ultrasound prior to planning surgical procedures.

• Keywords
• Anatomical variation, Color, Doppler, Median artery, Plastic, Radial artery, Surgery, Ultrasonography,
• MeSH
• Radial Artery * diagnostic imaging   surgery   MeSH
• Surgical Flaps blood supply   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Arm MeSH
• Hand diagnostic imaging   blood supply   MeSH
• Wrist * diagnostic imaging   surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

This article is the fourth and last part of a series aimed at extending and correcting the anatomical nomenclature. Because of the rapid development of internet and the use of electronic formats in communication in anatomy, embryology, histology, medical education, and clinical medicine, an appropriate, precise, and concise anatomical nomenclature is required. Such tool enables to avoid any potential confusion and possible scientific/medical mistakes. The up-to-date official anatomical terminology, Terminologia Anatomica, is available longer than 20 years and needs to be refined and extended. The authors have collected and listed 210 terms and completed them with definitions and/or explanations. We aimed to start a discussion about their potential incorporation into the new revised version of the Terminologia Anatomica. This article is primarily focused on the vessels of the human body (arteries, veins, and lymphatic system).

• MeSH
• Anatomy * MeSH
• Blood Vessels anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Terminology as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Variant anatomy, which is an integral part of anatomical science, is related to abnormalities in the human body structure. Our understanding of variant anatomy is based on thousand years of anatomical experience. These abnormalities generally do not interfere with the function of the human body and do not typically manifest as pathological nosological units. However, under certain conditions, these abnormalities can worsen existing pathological states or even evoke new ones. Understanding variant anatomy is a basic skill not only of mere anatomists, but also of clinicians who work in fields involving both diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions. To gain and retain a good knowledge of the most frequent and clinically relevant anatomical variations, a simple, clear, and exactly defined nomenclature of variant structures is needed. A list of items comprising variant anatomy, which have been incorporated into the internationally accepted nomenclatures Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017), is described and analyzed. Examples of the most common anatomical variations related to terminology are mentioned, and variant anatomy as a whole and its role in understanding current anatomy are discussed.

• Keywords
• anatomical variations, anatomy, nomenclature, terminology, variability,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH