Rifampicin is a clinically important antibiotic that binds to, and blocks the DNA/RNA channel of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Stalled, nonfunctional RNAPs can be removed from DNA by HelD proteins; this is important for maintenance of genome integrity. Recently, it was reported that HelD proteins from high G+C Actinobacteria, called HelR, are able to dissociate rifampicin-stalled RNAPs from DNA and provide rifampicin resistance. This is achieved by the ability of HelR proteins to dissociate rifampicin from RNAP. The HelR-mediated mechanism of rifampicin resistance is discussed here, and the roles of HelD/HelR in the transcriptional cycle are outlined. Moreover, the possibility that the structurally similar HelD proteins from low G+C Firmicutes may be also involved in rifampicin resistance is explored. Finally, the discovery of the involvement of HelR in rifampicin resistance provides a blueprint for analogous studies to reveal novel mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance.

• Keywords
• HelD/HelR, RNA polymerase, antibiotics, bacteria, resistance, rifampicin,
• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Bacteria * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial MeSH
• DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• Rifampin * pharmacology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• Rifampin * MeSH